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Table 1 The eight types of social activities for measuring social participation (SP)

From: Associations between lifestyle, physical and social environments and frailty among Chinese older people: a multilevel analysis

1) visiting family or friends

2) recreational activities involving other people

3) physical and cultural activities in the neighbourhood

4) attending a series of lectures in the neighbourhood

5) a self-management group or mutual-help group

6) volunteer or charity work

7) activities of political organizations or associations

8) dining out or shopping with other people