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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of beneficiaries who developed incident dementiaa

From: Gout and dementia in the elderly: a cohort study of Medicare claims

 

All beneficiaries

Incident Dementiaa during the follow-up

p-value

No

Yes

Total, N (beneficiaries)

1,712,821

1,601,165

111,656b

N/A

Age, mean (SD)

75.2 (7.5)

74.9 (7.5)

80.0 (7.1)

< 0.0001

Sex, N (%)

   

< 0.0001

 Male

729,781 (42.6%)

693,059 (43.3%)

36,722 (32.9%)

 

 Female

983,040 (57.4%)

908,106 (56.7%)

74,934 (67.1%)

 

Race/Ethnicity, N (%)

   

< 0.0001

 White

1,476,044 (86.2%)

1,380,894 (86.2%)

95,150 (85.2%)

 

  Black

139,833 (8.2%)

128,824 (8.0%)

11,009 (9.9%)

 

 Other/unknown

96,944 (5.7%)

91,447 (5.7%)

5497 (4.9%)

 

Charlson-Romano score, mean (SD)

1.56 (2.36)

1.52 (2.34)

2.18 (2.49)

< 0.0001

Charlson-Romano score

   

< 0.0001

 0

912,029 (53.2%)

870,890 (54.4%)

41,139 (36.8%)

 

 1

174,091 (10.2%)

159,811 (10.0%)

14,280 (12.8%)

 

  ≥ 2

626,701 (36.6%)

570,464 (35.6%)

56,237 (50.4%)

 

Charlson-Romano comorbidities

 Myocardial Infarction

67,609 (3.9%)

62,029 (3.9%)

5580 (5.0%)

< 0.0001

 Heart Failure

198,607 (11.6%)

180,109 (11.2%)

18,498 (16.6%)

< 0.0001

 Peripheral vascular disease

164,078 (9.6%)

147,448 (9.2%)

16,630 (14.9%)

< 0.0001

 Cerebrovascular disease

162,203 (9.5%)

142,965 (8.9%)

19,238 (17.2%)

< 0.0001

 Dementia

58,582 (3.4%)

47,204 (2.9%)

11,378 (10.2%)

< 0.0001

 Chronic pulmonary disease

266,474 (15.6%)

245,787 (15.4%)

20,687 (18.5%)

< 0.0001

 Connective tissue disease

47,610 (2.8%)

43,566 (2.7%)

4044 (3.6%)

< 0.0001

 Peptic ulcer disease

32,015 (1.9%)

28,853 (1.8%)

3162 (2.8%)

< 0.0001

 Mild liver disease

8437 (0.49%)

7918 (0.49%)

519 (0.46%)

0.17

 Diabetes

315,236 (18.4%)

289,481 (18.1%)

25,755 (23.1%)

< 0.0001

 Diabetes with end organ damage

92,786 (5.4%)

84,100 (5.3%)

8686 (7.8%)

< 0.0001

 Hemiplegia

13,668 (0.80%)

11,972 (0.75%)

1696 (1.5%)

< 0.0001

 Renal failure/disease

58,438 (3.4%)

53,802 (3.4%)

4636 (4.2%)

< 0.0001

 Any tumor, leukemia, or lymphoma

172,705 (10.1%)

160,676 (10.0%)

12,029 (10.8%)

< 0.0001

 Moderate or severe liver disease

1969 (0.11%)

1852 (0.12%)

117 (0.10%)

0.30

 Metastatic cancer

17,879 (1.0%)

17,113 (1.1%)

766 (0.69%)

< 0.0001

 AIDS

546 (0.03%)

519 (0.03%)

27 (0.02%)

0.14

Hypertension

823,180 (48.1%)

754,449 (47.1%)

68,731 (61.6%)

< 0.0001

Hyperlipidemia

597,299 (34.9%)

554,334 (34.6%)

42,965 (38.5%)

< 0.0001

Coronary artery disease

299,331 (17.5%)

273,719 (17.1%)

25,612 (22.9%)

< 0.0001

  1. SD standard deviation, N/A not applicable
  2. Bold represents statistical significance, with a P-value < 0.05
  3. aIncident dementia defined as the occurrence of two claims at least four-weeks apart with ICD-9-CM codes, 290.xx, 294.1x, or 331.2, with baseline 365 days without any claim for dementia
  4. bMet eligibility criteria and did not have dementia in the baseline 365-day period
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