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Table 3 Regression results: total public healthcare expenditures (adjusted, log scale)

From: Regional variation in healthcare spending and mortality among senior high-cost healthcare users in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective matched cohort study

Total costs

Variables

HCU#

Non-HCU&

 

Coefficient (SE)

Coefficient (SE)

Variance in probability of incurring costs,

σ2u1

 

0.065 (0.026)*

Variance in costs once incurred,

σ2u2

0.0009 (0.0004)*

0.001 (0.001)*

Covariance between σ2u1 and σ2u2

 

0.006 (0.003)

Probability (costs≠0)

 Intercept

 

4.49 (0.16)*

 Age

 

−0.067 (0.002)*

 Sex, M

 

− 0.205 (0.03)*

 ADG

 

1.018 (0.009)*

 Low income status

 

−0.129 (0.035)*

Costs > 0

 Intercept

9.74 (0.02)*

5.946 (0.025)*

 Age

0.008 (0.0002)*

0.016 (0.001)*

 Sex, M

0.064 (0.003)*

0.044 (0.005)*

 ADG

−0.011 (0.0004)*

0.081 (0.001)*

 Low income status

0.018 (0.004)*

0.134 (0.006)*

log_theta

0.788 (0.003)*

0.473 (0.004)*

R2 (part 1), %

 

87.0%

R2 (part 2), %

1.6%

19.7%

LRT (Chi2 dist, p < 0.05)

2333.0

88,500.57

  1. & - Estimated through GLMM; # - Estimated through a mixed effects two-part model; * - estimates were statistically significant at p < .05; ADGs- Aggregated Diagnosis Groups; HCU- high-cost user; LHIN – Local Health Integrated Network; Log-theta- the logarithm of the shape parameter of gamma distribution; LRT- likelihood ratio test; R2- coefficients of determination; SE- Standard Error