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Table 1 Patient baseline individual and care characteristics, pre-incident year

From: Regional variation in healthcare spending and mortality among senior high-cost healthcare users in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective matched cohort study

Characteristic

HCU

Non-HCU

SDD

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

 

Age: subgroup (%)

 66–74

39.7 (2.5)

39.7 (2.5)

0.00

 75–84

39.9 (0.8)

39.9 (0.8)

0.00

 ≥ 85

20.5 (2.5)

20.5 (2.5)

0.00

 Sex (F, %)

52.7 (1.3)

52.7 (1.3)

0.00

 Rurality (urban, %)

61.8 (27.6)

62.7 (28.0)

0.03

 Low income senior (%)

17.6 (5.2)

16.8 (5.7)

0.01

 Number of ADGs (mean)

10.1 (0.4)

7.9 (0.3)

0.50

 Malignant neoplasms (%)

32.2 (2.6)

23.4 (3.2)

0.20

 Common chronic conditions* (%)

60.6 (2.4)

44.8 (2.3)

0.30

 Mental health# (%)

37.6 (4.1)

26.9 (2.5)

0.20

 Number of MDs involved in care (mean)

8.1 (0.5)

5.6 (0.3)

0.50

 Seen by a geriatrician (%)

2.8 (1.3)

1.1 (0.5)

0.12

 Number of prescription drugs (mean)

8.4 (0.4)

5.6 (0.3)

0.60

 Acute inpatient care (%)

3.8 (1.1)

2.1 (0.7)

0.10

  1. ADGs- Aggregated Diagnosis Groups; HCU- high-cost user; *ICES- derived common chronic conditions (either one of the following: CHF-congestive heart failure; COPD- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM- diabetes, MI- myocardial infarction, RA- rheumatoid arthritis); LHIN – Local Health Integrated Network; SD- Standard Deviation; # includes any of mental health conditions among Expanded Diagnosis Clusters (PSY01–12); SDD – absolute standardized difference; SDD ≥ 0.1 indicates a meaningful difference