Variables | % or mean (s.d.) |
---|---|
Social participation | |
Extensive social participation (0–4) | 0.9 (0.9) |
Playing cards/mahjong (0–4) | 0.6 (1.3) |
Organized social activities (0–4) | 0.4 (0.9) |
Number of siblings frequently visited (0–8) | 0.7 (1.3) |
Paid job | |
Not involved | 94.2 |
Involved | 5.8 |
Mediating variables | |
Health behavior | |
Physical exercise | |
No | 57.2 |
Yes | 42.8 |
Psychosocial factors | |
Cognitive ability (0–23) | 20.0 (3.9) |
Positive emotions (3–15) | 11.5 (2.4) |
Control variables | |
Rural/urban residence | |
Rural | 53.2 |
Urban | 46.8 |
Gender | |
Female | 51.7 |
Male | 48.3 |
Age | |
65–69 | 9.0 |
70–74 | 24.0 |
75–79 | 22.3 |
80–84 | 16.3 |
85–89 | 12.0 |
90 and above | 16.3 |
Marital status | |
Widowed/divorced/never married | 51.2 |
Married | 48.8 |
Education | |
Illiterate | 44.2 |
Literate | 55.8 |
Self-perceived economic conditions | |
Poor | 16.0 |
Fair | 68.0 |
Good | 16.0 |
Number of living children | 3.9 (1.8) |
Number of chronic diseases | 1.2 (1.3) |
N | 104,468 |