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Table 1 Description of sample characteristics among older adults aged 65 and over, CLHLS 2005, 2008, and 2011

From: Does social participation reduce the risk of functional disability among older adults in China? A survival analysis using the 2005–2011 waves of the CLHLS data

Variables

% or mean (s.d.)

Social participation

 Extensive social participation (0–4)

0.9 (0.9)

 Playing cards/mahjong (0–4)

0.6 (1.3)

 Organized social activities (0–4)

0.4 (0.9)

 Number of siblings frequently visited (0–8)

0.7 (1.3)

Paid job

  Not involved

94.2

  Involved

5.8

Mediating variables

Health behavior

 Physical exercise

  No

57.2

  Yes

42.8

Psychosocial factors

 Cognitive ability (0–23)

20.0 (3.9)

 Positive emotions (3–15)

11.5 (2.4)

Control variables

 Rural/urban residence

  Rural

53.2

  Urban

46.8

 Gender

  Female

51.7

  Male

48.3

 Age

  65–69

9.0

  70–74

24.0

  75–79

22.3

  80–84

16.3

  85–89

12.0

  90 and above

16.3

 Marital status

  Widowed/divorced/never married

51.2

  Married

48.8

 Education

  Illiterate

44.2

  Literate

55.8

 Self-perceived economic conditions

  Poor

16.0

  Fair

68.0

  Good

16.0

 Number of living children

3.9 (1.8)

 Number of chronic diseases

1.2 (1.3)

N

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