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Table 2 Differences in gait velocity and cognitive cost between controls and those with Mild Cognitive Impairment

From: A framework for secondary cognitive and motor tasks in dual-task gait testing in people with mild cognitive impairment

Gait Test

Velocity (m/s)

Cognitive Cost (%)

Controls (n = 41)

MCI (n = 41)

t-test

p-value*

Controls (n = 41)

MCI (n = 41)

t-test

p-value

Usual gait

1.23 (0.19)a

1.13 (0.20)a

0.023

   

DT-motor

1.21 (0.17)a

1.05 (0.17)a

< 0.001

1.2 (10.4)a

5.8 (10.6)a

0.055

DT-counting1

1.19 (0.19)a,†

1.00 (0.24)a,‡

< 0.001

2.6 (10.1)a,‡

11.7 (12.9)b,†

< 0.001

MT-motor&counting1

1.15 (0.17)b,‡

0.95 (0.21)b,‡

< 0.001

5.9 (13.9)a,‡

15.7 (12.9)c,‡

0.0012

DT-animals

1.11 (0.20)b,‡

0.88 (0.28)c,‡

< 0.001

10.0 (12.2)b,‡

22.3 (16.1)d,‡

< 0.001

DT-counting7

1.02 (0.23)c,‡

0.73 (0.26)d,‡

< 0.001

17.6 (11.5)c,‡

34.4 (21.1)d,‡

< 0.001

MT-motor&counting7

0.99 (0.22)c, ‡

0.75 (0.24)d,‡

< 0.001

19.9 (12.9)c,‡

32.9 (17.9)d,‡

< 0.001

2 way ANOVA*

Group p < 0.001

Task p < 0.001

Group x Task p = 0.005

 

Group p < 0.001

Task p < 0.001

Group x Task p < 0.001

 
  1. *, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; DT-motor, dual-task gait test while carrying glass of water on tray; DT-counting1, dual-task gait test while counting backwards by 1 s; MT-motor&counting1, multi-task gait test of carrying glass of water on tray and counting backwards by 1 s; DT-animals, dual-task gait test while naming animals; DT-counting7, dual-task gait test while counting backwards by 7 s; MT-motor&counting7, multi-task gait test of carrying glass of water and counting backwards by 7 s. Superscript letters (a,b,c,d) denote results of the Bonferroni pairwise within group comparisons across tasks. Conditions within the groups that have the same superscript do not differ from one another. Superscript † indicates that there is a significant change in velocity under dual-task testing compared to usual gait and there was a significant change in cognitive cost compared to the cognitive cost under dual-task gait test while carrying glass of water on tray (DT-motor) at the p < .05 level and ‡ at the p < .001 level