Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
Variables | Group A (n = 22) | Group B (n = 22) | Group C (n = 22) | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
 Male | 13 | 11 | 18 | 0.078 |
 Female | 9 | 11 | 4 | |
Age ± SD (years) | 75.7 ± 6.24 | 76.68 ± 5.8 | 77.4 ± 3.78 | 0.607 |
Gait speed ± SD (metre/sec) | 0.66 ± 0.1 | 0.67 ± 0.1 | 0.67 ± 0.1 | 0.970 |
Grip strength ± SD (Kg) | 8.90 ± 2.1 | 9.09 ± 2.2 | 8.45 ± 2.32 | 0.620 |
BADL | 3.95 ± 1.46 | 3.36 ± 0.90 | 3.77 ± 1.15 | 0.251 |
IADL | 1.40 ± 0.50 | 1.36 ± 0.58 | 1.59 ± 1.00 | 0.555 |
Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.24 ± 0.48 | 3.97 ± 0.47 | 4.07 ± 0.55 | 0.207 |
GDS | ||||
  < 5 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 0.268 |
  ≥ 5 | 12 | 11 | 16 | |
HMSE | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  < 24 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 0.940 |
  ≥ 24 | 12 | 13 | 13 | |
MNA | ||||
 Malnourished | 9 | 9 | 12 | 0.518 |
 At the risk | 9 | 12 | 8 | |
 Normal | 4 | 1 | 2 | |
MPPT | ||||
 Severe | 11 | 11 | 13 | 0.538 |
 Moderate | 6 | 9 | 7 | |
 Mild | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
 Non-frail | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
BBS | ||||
 Low - risk | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1.000 |
 Medium- risk | 15 | 16 | 15 | |
 High - risk | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
 Pre- frail status | 22 | 22 | 22 | 0.676 |