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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants (n = 101)

From: Relationship of muscle function to circulating myostatin, follistatin and GDF11 in older women and men

 

Women

Men

n = 56

n = 45

Age (y)

68.2 ± 4.4

70.9 ± 6.8

Body mass (kg)

71.1 ± 12.8

83.7 ± 14***

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

28.3 ± 4.7

28.5 ± 4.0

Waist circumference (cm)

89.5 ± 10.8

101 ± 10.6***

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.86 ± 0.08

0.99 ± 0.06***

Body fat %

43.1 ± 8.1

24.75 ± 4.6***

Fat free mass (kg)

42.6 ± 3.9 (n = 52)

60.3 ± 8.9 (n = 41)***

Fat free mass (%)

61.1 ± 6.8 (n = 52)

73.1 ± 4.7 (n = 41)***

Fat mass (kg)

28.3 ± 9.9 (n = 52)

22.7 ± 7.3 (n = 41)**

Fat mass (%)

38.9 ± 6.8 (n = 52)

26.9 ± 4.7 (n = 41)***

Muscle mass (kg)

18.1 ± 1.8 (n = 52)

29.4 ± 4.1 (n = 41)***

ADL (pts)

5.8 ± 0.4

5.9 ± 0.23

IADL (pts)

7.9 ± 0.2

7.93 ± 0.27

Timed Up & Go test (s)

6.2 ± 0.97

6.53 ± 1.99

Tinetti test (pts)

27.6 ± 1.1

27.58 ± 1.7

MMSE (pts)

29.9 ± 0.1

29.4 ± 1.2***

GDS (pts)

2.8 ± 2.6

2.33 ± 2.53

Falls (n/year)

0.6 ± 0.7

0.24 ± 0.5*

Handgrip strength L (kG)

29.5 ± 6.7

45.6 ± 9.97***

Handgrip strength R (kG)

30.5 ± 7.3

47.4 ± 10.8***

Leg Extension 1RM R (kG)

32.3 ± 9.4

55.5 ± 13.4***

Leg Extension 1RM L (kG)

31.2 ± 8.8

54.1 ± 13.5***

Leg Press 1RM (kG)

134.1 ± 30.9

215.8 ± 56.3***

P40% LE R (W)

138.6 ± 41.5

260.7 ± 76.9***

P70% LE R (W)

154.5 ± 47.9

302.1 ± 87.7***

P40% LE L (W)

133.9 ± 40.2

242.8 ± 72.7***

P70% LE L (W)

144.5 ± 44.1

272.1 ± 83.6***

P40% LP (W)

612.4 ± 175.9

1165.8 ± 321.8***

P70% LP (W)

695.7 ± 202

1259.3 ± 338.1***

Pmax (W)

271.4 ± 88.4

446.2 ± 159.5***

Pmax·kg−1 (W·kg−1)

3.9 ± 1.2

5.4 ± 1.9***

υopt (rpm)

71.5 ± 12.6

83.7 ± 18.2***

Myostatin (ng/ml)

42.9 ± 25.6

39.8 ± 17.4

Follistatin (pg/ml)

1429.6 ± 436.9

1695.5 ± 659.6*

GDF11 (pg/ml)

52.5 ± 24.2

40.2 ± 19.4*

  1. Data presented as mean + SD
  2. Note. ADL Activities of daily living, GDF11 growth/differentiation factor 11, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, IADL Instrumental Activities of daily living, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination
  3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001