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Table 1 Sample characteristics (N = 386)

From: Dementia as a predictor of care-related quality of life in informal caregivers: a cross-sectional study to investigate differences in health-related outcomes between dementia and non-dementia caregivers

 

Dementia

(n = 153)

Non-Dementia

(n = 233)

p

Total sample

(N = 386)

Caregiver (CG)

 Age (yrs.), M (SD)

60.8 (13.0)

61.6 (11.6)

0.503 a

61.3 (12.2)

 Sex: Female, N (%)

122 (80)

173 (74)

0.214 b

295 (76)

 Educational attainment (yrs.), M (SD)

10.8 (2.7)

10.7 (2.6)

0.874 b

10.8 (2.6)

 Employment status: Employed, N (%) c

57 (37)

100 (43)

0.268 b

157 (41)

 Relation: Care recipient is… N (%)

  

0.310 b

 

  - mother/father (in-law)

94 (61)

140 (60)

 

234 (61)

  - spouse

50 (33)

86 (37)

 

136 (35)

  - other

9 (6)

7 (3)

 

16 (4)

 Received support, N (%) d

125 (82)

181 (78)

0.341 b

306 (79)

 Subjective burden (CSI), M (SD)

7.9 (2.6)

7.1 (2.9)

0.004 a

7.4 (2.8)

 QoL (CarerQoL), M (SD)

7.4 (2.8)

8.1 (2.7)

0.013 a

7.9 (2.8)

 Depressiveness (PHQ-9), M (SD)

8.5 (5.0)

7.6 (5.1)

0.094 a

8.0 (5.1)

 Benefits (BIZA), M (SD)

12.4 (3.9)

12.2 (3.7)

0.726 a

12.3 (3.8)

 Physical complaints (GBB), PR, MDN (MAD)

80 (21.0)

74 (23.5)

0.132 a

76 (22.7)

Care recipient (CR)

 Age (yrs.), M (SD)

82.8 (7.0)

81.4 (7.5)

0.063 a

81.9 (7.3)

 Sex: Female, N (%)

101 (66)

141 (61)

0.275 b

242 (63)

 Number of morbidities (incl. dementia), M (SD)

2.88 (1.68)

2.43 (1.50)

0.006 a

2.60 (1.58)

 Morbidities: Major disease groups (ICD-10), N (%) e

  - II: Neoplasms

6 (4)

38 (16)

 

44 (11)

  - IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

33 (21) f

53 (23)

 

86 (22)

  - V: Mental and behavioral disorders

5 (3)

7 (3)

 

12 (3)

  - VII: Diseases of the eye and adnexa

5 (3)

14 (6)

 

19 (5)

  - IX: Diseases of the circulatory system

48 (31)

94 (40)

 

142 (37)

  - X: Diseases of the respiratory system

7 (5)

11 (5)

 

18 (5)

  - XI: Diseases of the digestive system

2 (1)

5 (2)

 

7 (2)

  - XII: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

1 (1)

1 (0)

 

2 (1)

  - XIII: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

14 (9)

41 (18)

 

55 (14)

  - XIV: Diseases of the genitourinary system

3 (2)

12 (5)

 

15 (4)

Care situation

 Living situation: Together, N (%)

108 (71)

162 (70)

0.824 b

270 (70)

 Duration of care (mo.), M (SD)

52.4 (41.2)

53.1 (57.4)

0.892 a

52.8 (51.5)

 Total care time (hrs./day), M (SD) g

11.9 (4.2)

10.8 (4.1)

0.010 a

11.2 (4.2)

  1. M mean, SD standard deviation, PR Percentile Ranks, MDN Median, MAD Median absolute deviation, CSI Caregiver Strain Index (scores from 0 to 13), CarerQoL CarerQoL-7D (scores from 0 to 14), PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (scores from 0 to 27), BIZA Berlin Inventory of Caregivers’ Burden - Dementia (scores from 0 to 20), GBB Giessen Symptom List
  2. at-test
  3. bchi-square test
  4. cmin. 7 yrs. (no compulsory school leaving certificate)- max. 18 yrs. (university degree)
  5. dCG receives formal or/and informal support related to caregiving
  6. eOne or more diseases of the disease group have been reported; disease groups regarding unspecific impact factors on health (group 21) and abnormal clinical findings (group 18) are not included in the ranking
  7. fnot including dementia
  8. gConsisting of time spent on activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and supervision of the CR (SUVI) by the CG