From: Depression, malnutrition, and health-related quality of life among Nepali older patients
 | Total (n = 289) | Male (n = 170) | Female (n = 119) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Age, (mean ± SD) | 68.5 ± 6.5 | 69.5 ± 6.6 | 67.1 ± 6.1 | 0.002 a |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 170 (58.8) |  |  |  |
 Female | 119 (41.2) |  |  |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Upper caste | 134 (46.4) | 84 (49.4) | 50 (42.0) | 0.429 |
 Janjatis | 134 (46.4) | 75 (44.1) | 59 (49.6) |  |
 Dalit and minorities | 21 (7.3) | 11 (6.5) | 10 (8.4) |  |
Religion | Â | Â | Â | 0.656 |
 Hindu | 220 (76.1) | 131 (77.1) | 89 (74.8) |  |
 Non-Hindu | 69 (23.9) | 39 (22.9) | 30 (25.2) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | 0.138 |
 Married | 231 (79.9) | 141 (82.9) | 90 (75.6) |  |
 Separated/Widow/Single | 58 (20.1) | 29 (17.1) | 29 (24.4) |  |
Educational status |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Illiterate | 112 (38.8) | 46 (27.1) | 66 (55.5) |  |
 Informal | 97 (33.6) | 66 (38.8) | 31 (26.1) |  |
 Formal | 80 (27.7) | 58 (34.1) | 22 (18.5) |  |
Past Occupation |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Agriculture | 114 (39.4) | 73 (42.9) | 41 (34.5) |  |
 Homemaker | 57 (19.7) | – | 57 (47.9) |  |
 Business/job | 93 (32.2) | 75 (44.1) | 18 (15.1) |  |
 Others | 25 (8.7) | 22 (12.9) | 3 (2.5) |  |
Monthly family income (n = 167), $, (mean ± SD) | 205.3 ± 90.1 | 206.8 ± 88.8 | 203.1 ± 92.7 | 0.799a |
Family Structure | Â | Â | Â | 0.013 |
 Nuclear | 47 (16.3) | 21 (12.4) | 26 (21.8) |  |
 Joint | 204 (70.6) | 120 (70.6) | 84 (70.6) |  |
 Extended | 38 (13.1) | 29 (17.1) | 9 (7.6) |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | 0.102 |
 Yes | 155 (53.6) | 98 (57.6) | 57 (47.9) |  |
 No | 134 (46.4) | 72 (42.4) | 62 (52.1) |  |
Alcohol use | Â | Â | Â | 0.397 |
 Yes | 98 (33.9) | 61 (35.9) | 37 (31.1) |  |
 No | 191 (66.1) | 109 (64.1) | 82 (68.9) |  |
Self-rated health status | Â | Â | Â | 0.380 |
 Better | 69 (23.9) | 40 (23.5) | 29 (24.4) |  |
 Similar | 139 (48.1) | 87 (51.2) | 52 (43.7) |  |
 Worse | 81 (28.0) | 43 (25.3) | 38 (31.9) |  |
Adequate rest | Â | Â | Â | 0.042 |
 Yes | 81 (28.0) | 40 (23.5) | 41 (34.5) |  |
 No | 208 (72.0) | 130 (76.5) | 78 (65.5) |  |
Working currently | Â | Â | Â | 0.012 |
 Yes | 27 (9.3) | 22 (12.9) | 5 (4.2) |  |
 No | 262 (90.7) | 148 (87.1) | 114 (95.8) |  |
Caretaker | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 |
 Son and daughter in law | 153 (52.9) | 78 (45.9) | 75 (63.0) |  |
 Others | 136 (47.1) | 92 (54.1) | 44 (37.0) |  |
Ignored/hated for being old | Â | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 Yes | 45 (15.6) | 18 (10.6) | 27 (22.7) |  |
 No | 244 (84.4) | 152 (89.4) | 92 (77.3) |  |
BMI, kg/m2, (mean ± SD) | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 24.8 ± 3.5 | 24.9 ± 3.7 | 0.837a |
MNA score, (mean ± SD) | 10.9 ± 2.5 | 11.2 ± 2.5 | 10.7 ± 2.5 | 0.099a |
GDS Score, (mean ± SD) | 5.9 ± 3.8 | 5.9 ± 3.9 | 5.8 ± 3.7 | 0.827a |
EQVAS, (mean ± SD) | 65.2 ± 16.8 | 66.4 ± 17.3 | 63.6 ± 16.1 | 0.179a |