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Table 3 percentage of sleep problems with pet owners and non-owners. The p-values compare pet owners (PO) to non-pet owners (NPO)

From: A cross-sectional exploratory analysis between pet ownership, sleep, exercise, health and neighbourhood perceptions: the Whitehall II cohort study

Pet owner(PO), Non-pet owner (NPO)

Trouble falling asleep (p = 0.001)

Wake up several times (p = 0.683)

Cannot stay asleep (p = 0.748)

Wake as usual but feel tired (p = 0.010)

Disturbed sleep (p = 0.910)

PO

NPO

PO

NPO

PO

NPO

PO

NPO

PO

NPO

Frequency of problem:

Not at all

51%

46%

21%

20%

38%

37%

47%

50%

31%

30%

1–3 days

32%

35%

27%

27%

26%

27%

26%

27%

34%

34%

4–7 days

9%

12%

15%

16%

13%

14%

11%

11%

14%

14%

8–14 days

4%

4%

11%

9%

8%

9%

6%

6%

8%

8%

15–21 days

3%

2%

8%

9%

6%

6%

5%

4%

6%

6%

22–31 days

2%

1%

18%

20%

8%

7%

5%

4%

8%

7%