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Table 2 Influence of ABMHS factors on utilization of long-term care – GEE logistic model (1373 observations)

From: Determinants for utilization and transitions of long-term care in adults 65+ in Germany: results from the longitudinal KORA-Age study

  

Stage 1: LTC vs. no LTCa

Stage 2: formal vs. informal LTCb

  

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P-value

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P-value

Predisposing factors

 Age in years

 

1.09

[1.05; 1.13]

< 0.0001

1.02

[0.98; 1.07]

0.2904

 Sex (ref: male)

female

1.91

[1.25; 2.91]

0.0027

1.12

[0.66; 1.90]

0.6690

 Education (ref: low)

middle

1.23

[0.76; 2.01]

0.4009

0.83

[0.44; 1.54]

0.5540

 

high

2.18

[1.23; 3.84]

0.0074

1.82

[0.85; 3.91]

0.1251

Enabling factors

 Living arrangement (ref: not alone)

alone

1.71

[1.14; 2.55]

0.0097

1.71

[1.02; 2.85]

0.0418

 Per capita income/ month (ref: < 875 €)

875–1124 €

1.05

[0.62; 1.79]

0.8459

2.17

[1.09; 4.34]

0.0282

 

1125–1374 €

0.68

[0.40; 1.14]

0.1426

2.94

[1.42; 6.08]

0.0037

 

≥ 1375 €

0.82

[0.47; 1.43]

0.4832

2.84

[1.33; 6.07]

0.0071

Need factors

 Multimorbidity in no. of chronic conditions

 

1.21

[1.07; 1.36]

0.0026

0.90

[0.77; 1.05]

0.1881

 Disability score (HAQ-DI)

 

8.72

[6.23; 12.20]

< 0.0001

2.45

[1.80; 3.33]

< 0.0001

  1. ABMHS: Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (predisposing, enabling, need factors) | GEE: generalized estimating equation | LTC: long-term care | HAQ-DI: Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index
  2. Bold numbers: significant at p ≤ 0.05
  3. Sample for generalized estimating equation: sum of t1- (n = 810) and t2-sample (n = 563)
  4. aStage 1: Determinants for utilization of long-term care
  5. Model includes all observations of t1 and t2 (n = 1373) to examine determinants for utilization of long-term care (independently of type of long-term care); observations are grouped by utilization of either long-term care (n = 378) or no long-term care (n = 995)
  6. bStage 2: Determinants for utilization of formal vs. informal long-term care
  7. Model includes all observations with utilization of long-term care (n = 378) to examine the determinants for utilization of formal vs. informal long-term care; observations are grouped by utilization of either formal (n = 150) or informal long-term care (n = 228)