A more comprehensive investigation of disability and associated factors among older adults receiving home-based care in rural Dongguan, China

Table 3 Univariate associations between disability and multimorbidity and health-related behavior

	Comprehensive ability level
	Undamaged, n = 191, (%/M)	Mild damaged, n = 510, (%/M)	Moderate damaged, n = 55, (%/M)	Severe damaged, n = 63, (%/M)	χ ²	p
Educational level
Illiterate	25.9	62.9	5.2	6.0
Primary	48.8	46.1	3.0	2.1
Secondary and above	63.8	34.5	1.7	0
					10.55	0.103
Marital status
Married	28.0	58.5	9.8	3.7
Single/divorced/widowed	22.4	63.6	5.6	8.5
					9.52	0.023
Gender
Female	21.3	64.0	6.5	2.8
Male	30.1	56.6	7.5	5.8
					6.73	0.081
Living arrangement
Living alone	23.0	63.4	6.2	7.5
With spouse/children	25.5	62.5	6.9	5.0
With others	13.3	46.7	13.3	26.7
					22.24	0.001
Income
0~	32.8	58.5	5.0	0.037
5000~	29.3	60.0	5.8	4.9
10,000~	54.9	39.6	1.2	4.3
15,000~	50.3	47.9	0.6	1.2
					67.9	0.136
Multimorbidity
0	31.8	51.4	10.8	6.1
1	23.1	64.2	5.9)	6.8
2	20.6	68.6	5.7)	5.1
3+	15.3	69.4	4.2)	11.1
					19.46	0.022
Smoking
Current smoker	31.1	64.4	4.4	0.0
Ex-smoker	25.7	62.2	6.6	5.6
Non-smoker	19.4	70.4	6.5	3.7
					6.05	0.418
Drinking
Yes	52.1	51.3	3.2	2.3
No	43.1	45.8	2.1	0
					2.44	0.48
Watching TV
Yes	30.8	60.2	5.6	3.4
No	14.2	72.2	7.7	5.9
					16.23	0.001
Age	85	86	89	86	40.31	< 0.001
Number of drug treatments	1	1	1.5	1	9.06	0.029
Physical activity, hours/week	12.25	7	0	0	16.73	< 0.001

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