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Table 3 Factors associated with the onset of frailtya stratified by the degree of housing damage among elderly male survivors in the RIAS study, 2011–2015

From: Association between health risks and frailty in relation to the degree of housing damage among elderly survivors of the great East Japan earthquake

Variable

By the degree of housing damage

By residential status b

No

Partial

Extensive

No displaced

Temporary

Other residence

Number

448

172

405

603

176

246

Adjusted OR (95% CI) P-value

 BMI, underweight

0.90 (0.09–8.74)

0.931

15.80 (0.74–337.16)

0.077

3.53 (0.74–16.92)

0.114

1.88 (0.34–10.42)

0.468

11.85 (5.35–26.23)

<.001

3.78 (0.34–41.96)

0.279

 Current drinkers

0.83 (0.51–1.38)

0.475

0.73 (0.38–1.43)

0.364

0.77 (0.47–1.27)

0.309

0.82 (0.53–1.26)

0.361

0.76 (0.34–1.67)

0.486

0.79 (0.46–1.36)

0.388

 Physical inactivity

0.94 (0.63–1.42)

0.771

1.03 (0.54–1.96)

0.922

1.43 (0.96–2.12)

0.077

0.99 (0.69–1.41)

0.939

0.89 (0.47–1.66)

0.706

1.64 (1.03–2.62)

0.039

 Sedentary lifestyle

1.26 (0.79–2.01)

0.325

1.06 (0.55–2.02)

0.864

1.02 (0.64–1.61)

0.943

1.14 (0.76–1.72)

0.522

0.89 (0.42–1.87)

0.749

1.08 (0.64–1.82)

0.770

 Poor dietary diversity

1.43 (0.94–2.18)

0.092

2.43 (1.26–4.69)

0.008

1.54 (1.02–2.32)

0.042

1.66 (1.15–2.39)

0.006

0.75 (0.42–1.36)

0.348

2.15 (1.27–3.62)

0.004

 Poor self-rated health

3.62 (2.25–5.83)

<.001

2.60 (1.09–6.16)

0.031

2.42 (1.54–3.81)

<.001

3.39 (2.20–5.21)

<.001

4.68 (2.49–8.80)

<.001

1.74 (0.95–3.19)

0.075

 Standard of living, difficult

1.69 (1.11–2.59)

0.015

1.22 (0.64–2.33)

0.546

1.15 (0.74–1.78)

0.525

1.51 (1.04–2.19)

0.029

0.88 (0.43–1.80)

0.729

1.32 (0.80–2.20)

0.276

 Psychological distress

1.10 (0.32–3.80)

0.882

1.58 (0.32–7.72)

0.571

3.23 (1.42–7.37)

0.005

1.22 (0.45–3.34)

0.698

7.98 (3.63–17.54)

<.001

1.61 (0.38–6.86)

0.517

 Poor social networks

1.64 (1.01–2.65)

0.045

1.45 (0.74–2.86)

0.279

2.21 (1.46–3.37)

<.001

1.68 (1.13–2.49)

0.011

2.42 (1.39–4.20)

0.002

2.17 (1.29–3.65)

0.004

  1. BMI body mass index, OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
  2. Non-significant variables are not displayed
  3. Adjusted for age, BMI (underweight: < 18, overweight: ≥25 vs. normal: 18–25 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus (yes vs. no), current drinker (yes vs. no), physical activity (inactivity: < 23 METs·h/week vs. ≥23 METs·h/week), sedentary lifestyle (yes vs. no), poor dietary diversity (yes vs. no), poor self-rated health (yes vs. no), standard of living (difficult vs. acceptable), psychological distress (yes vs. no), and poor social network (yes vs. no)
  4. aSurvivors were classified into two groups: frailty (≥5 points on the Kihon Checklist, which is used by the Japanese government to certify the need for long-term care insurance) and non-frailty (< 5 points on the Kihon Checklist)
  5. bTo avoid misclassifying participants’ current situations, we continued updating each person’s residential status throughout the follow-up period using data from repeated questionnaires
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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