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Table 2 Factors associated with the onset of frailtya among elderly male and female survivors in the RIAS study, 2011–2015

From: Association between health risks and frailty in relation to the degree of housing damage among elderly survivors of the great East Japan earthquake

Variable

Male

Female

All participants in the present study.

Only those who participated in all from 2011 to 2015.

All participants in the present study.

Only those who participated in all from 2011 to 2015.

Number

1025

679

1236

850

Adjusted OR (95% CI) P-value

 BMI, underweight

2.66 (0.84–8.45)

0.098

2.22 (0.47–10.57)

0.317

1.17 (0.54–2.52)

0.692

1.02 (0.45–2.33)

0.959

 BMI, overweight

1.08 (0.81–1.44)

0.612

1.35 (0.94–1.96)

0.108

1.42 (1.10–1.82)

0.006

1.37 (1.02–1.83)

0.038

 Diabetes mellitus

1.16 (0.83–1.62)

0.388

1.23 (0.80–1.90)

0.338

1.46 (1.04–2.03)

0.027

1.25 (0.82–1.90)

0.298

 Sedentary lifestyle

1.12 (0.84–1.50)

0.447

1.08 (0.74–1.59)

0.680

1.54 (1.20–1.98)

0.001

1.57 (1.17–2.12)

0.003

 Poor dietary diversity

1.61 (1.23–2.09)

<.001

1.70 (1.22–2.36)

0.002

1.49 (1.19–1.87)

0.001

1.45 (1.12–1.87)

0.005

 Poor self-rated health

2.94 (2.17–3.98)

<.001

2.83 (1.91–4.21)

<.001

3.03 (2.24–4.09)

<.001

3.14 (2.20–4.50)

<.001

 Standard of living, difficult

1.28 (0.97–1.70)

0.082

1.54 (1.07–2.20)

0.019

1.33 (1.04–1.71)

0.022

1.35 (1.01–1.79)

0.040

 Psychological distress

2.15 (1.15–4.02)

0.017

3.10 (1.53–6.26)

0.002

1.43 (0.98–2.08)

0.065

1.35 (0.85–2.13)

0.204

 Poor social networks

1.82 (1.38–2.41)

<.001

1.67 (1.15–2.42)

0.007

1.33 (1.06–1.67)

0.015

1.36 (1.04–1.77)

0.024

  1. BMI body mass index, OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
  2. Non-significant variables are not displayed in table
  3. Adjusted for males: age, BMI (underweight: < 18, overweight: ≥25 vs. normal: 18–25 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus (yes vs. no), current drinker (yes vs. no), physical activity (inactivity: < 23 METs·h/week vs. ≥23 METs·h/week), sedentary lifestyle (yes vs. no), poor dietary diversity (yes vs. no), poor self-rated health (yes vs. no), standard of living (difficult vs. acceptable), psychological distress (yes vs. no), and poor social network (yes vs. no); females: age, BMI (underweight: < 18, overweight: ≥25 vs. normal: 18–25 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus (yes vs. no), sedentary lifestyle (yes vs. no), poor dietary diversity (yes vs. no), poor self-rated health (yes vs. no), standard of living (difficult vs. acceptable), psychological distress (yes vs. no), and poor social network (yes vs. no)
  4. aSurvivors were classified into two groups: frailty (≥5 points on the Kihon Checklist, which is used by the Japanese government to certify the need for long-term care insurance) and non-frailty (< 5 points on the Kihon Checklist)