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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants by sex, RIAS study, 2011

From: Association between health risks and frailty in relation to the degree of housing damage among elderly survivors of the great East Japan earthquake

 

Male (n = 1025)

Female (n = 1236)

P-valueb

Non-frailty

Frailty

P-valuea

Non-frailty

Frailty

P-valuea

Number of participants

813

212

 

938

298

  

Age, mean ± SD

71.9 ± 4.7

73.7 ± 5.0

<.001

70.9 ± 4.4

72.7 ± 5.1

<.001

<.001

Age, ≥75 years %

27.3

40.1

<.001

19.7

32.6

<.001

<.001

The degree of housing damage, extensive %

38.9

42.0

0.492

40.8

41.3

0.367

0.226

Job without change due to the disaster, %

21.0

22.0

0.166

20.4

19.1

0.827

<.001

Job with change due to the disaster, %

24.9

30.9

 

19.8

19.1

  

Residential status, temporary %

20.4

21.7

0.109

20.8

22.3

0.842

0.092

Residential status, other residence %

22.2

28.3

 

27.3

27.4

  

BMI, mean ± SD

24.1 ± 2.7

24.2 ± 2.9

0.406

23.5 ± 3.2

24.0 ± 3.5

0.014

<.001

BMI, normal %

64.4

62.8

0.329

70.0

58.7

0.001

<.001

BMI, underweight %

0.3

0.9

2.1

1.7

BMI, overweight %

35.3

36.3

 

27.9

39.6

  

Hypertension, %

62.2

60.4

0.619

55.8

60.4

0.158

0.017

Diabetes mellitus, %

14.5

18.4

0.193

7.8

11.4

0.052

<.001

Hypercholesterolemia, %

25.7

26.4

0.834

36.3

32.6

0.245

<.001

Current smokers, %

19.2

18.9

0.963

1.1

1.0

0.075

<.001

Current drinkers, %

40.7

39.6

0.932

1.5

1.3

0.026

<.001

Physical activity, <23METs·hour/week %

55.8

58.7

0.451

62.7

69.7

0.028

<.001

Sedentary lifestyle, %

27.6

31.6

0.259

26.4

31.3

0.097

0.664

Poor dietary diversity, %

43.5

50.9

0.052

29.6

42.3

<.001

<.001

Self-rated health, poor %

7.0

14.6

0.001

7.8

17.5

<.001

0.208

Standard of living, difficult %

37.5

42.1

0.221

36.3

41.9

0.083

0.701

Psychological distress, %

4.5

10.1

0.002

8.9

14.3

0.008

<.001

Poor social networks, %

28.8

47.3

<.001

26.0

35.3

0.002

0.027

  1. aObtained using the t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables, comparing non-frailty with frailty by sex
  2. bObtained using the t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables, comparing male participants (n = 1025) with female participants (n = 1236)
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