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Table 1 Patient characteristics at admission and three months follow-up, stratified by sex

From: Muscle mass and muscle strength are associated with pre- and post-hospitalization falls in older male inpatients: a longitudinal cohort study

Characteristics

Included at baseline (n = 378)

Included at follow-up (n = 297)

(n = 192)

(n = 186)

(n = 141)

(n = 156)

Age, years, mean (SD)

79.1 (6.3)

80.3 (6.5)

78.1 (5.5)

80.3 (6.5)

Use of walking aid

92 (48.2)

108 (58.7)

64 (45.7)

91 (59.1)

Living independently

178 (92.7)

161 (89.0)

132 (93.6)

135 (88.2)

Weight, kg, mean (SD)

77.3 (15.4)

68.3 (16.7)

79.8 (15.2)

68.9 (17.3)

Height, cm, mean (SD)

175 (6.7)

161 (5.7)

176 (6.4)

161 (5.7)

BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)

25.2 (4.5)

26.3 (6.3)

25.9 (4.4)

26.5 (6.5)

Current smoking

27 (14.5)

13 (7.1)

19 (13.8)

8 (5.2)

Alcohol use

91 (48.9)

55 (30.4)

80 (58.0)

45 (29.6)

Elective admission

25 (13.0)

33 (17.7)

23 (16.3)

29 (18.6)

Surgical specialism

76 (39.6)

95 (51.1)

65 (46.1)

83 (53.2)

Polypharmacya

127 (66.1)

107 (57.5)

88 (62.4)

91 (58.3)

Comorbiditiesb

170 (88.5)

163 (88.6)

120 (85.1)

137 (89.0)

ADL-score, median (IQR)

0 (0–3)

1 (0–3)

0 (0–2)

1 (0–3)

NRS-score, median (IQR)

1 (0–4)

3 (0–6)

1 (0–4)

3 (0–6)

FAC-score, median (IQR)

2 (1–5)

2 (0–4)

3 (1–5)

2 (0–5)

6-CIT-score, median (IQR)

4 (0–8)

4 (1–10)

4 (0–8)

4 (0–10)

SNAQ-score, median (IQR)

0 (0–3)

1 (0–2)

0 (0–2)

0 (0–2)

LOS, days, median (IQR)

5 (3–7)

5 (3–9)

5 (2–7)

5 (3–9)

Pre-hospitalization fallsc

79 (41.1)

93 (50.3)

57 (40.4)

79 (51.0)

Post-hospitalization fallsd

  

32 (23.4)

26 (17.9)

  1. All variables are presented as n (%), unless otherwise indicated
  2. BMI Body Mass Index. SNAQ Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire. ADL KATZ Activities of Daily Living. 6-CIT 6-item Cognitive Impairment Test. NRS Numerical Rating Scale for pain. FAC Functional Ambulation Categories. LOS Length of Stay. SD Standard Deviation. IQR Interquartile Range aNumber of medications > 4. bNumber of comorbidities > 1. cPre-hospitalization falls: Patients who reported at least one fall within 6 months before admission. dPost-hospitalization falls (♂n = 137, ♀n = 145): Patients who reported at least one fall within 3 months after discharge