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Table 1 Behaviour items of the OPS-NVI

From: Oral health and orofacial pain in people with dementia admitted to acute hospital wards: observational cohort study

Category

Behaviour

Facial activities

Frowning

Narrowing or closing eyes

Raising upper lip

Opened mouth

Tightened lips

Body movements

Resisting care

Guarding

Rubbing

Restlessness

Vocalizations

Using offensive words

Using pain-related words

Screaming/shouting

Groaning

Specific

Restricting jaw movement

Refusing prosthetics

Drooling

  1. OPS-NVI Orofacial-Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals