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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients

From: Predictive biomarkers for death and rehospitalization in comorbid frail elderly heart failure patients

 

Total

End-pointa

No end-pointa

p-value

 

N = 522

N = 201

N = 321

 

Age, years

82.1 ± 8.7

84.2 ± 7.4

80.8 ± 9.2

< 0.001

Female sex

298 (57.1%)

123 (61.2%)

175 (54.5%)

0.1

Etiology

   

0.3

 IHD

150 (28.7%)

45 (22.4%)

105 (32.7%)

 

 Dilated CM

9 (1.7%)

3 (1.5%)

6 (1.9%)

 

 Hypertensive CM

207 (39.7%)

85 (42.3%)

122 (38.0%)

 

 Alcoholic CM

7 (1.3%)

2 (1.0%)

5 (1.6%)

 

 Valvular disease

69 (13.2%)

31 (15.4%)

38 (11.8%)

 

 Other

80 (15.4%)

35 (17.4%)

45 (20.0%)

 

LVEFa

55.8% ± 14

56.6% ± 14.2

55.4% ± 13.9

0.4

NYHA functional class

   

0.002

 I

8 (1.5%)

1 (0.5%)

7 (2.2%)

 

 II

198 (37.9%)

63 (31.3%)

136 (42.4%)

 

 III

306 (58.6%)

134 (66.7%)

175 (54.5%)

 

 IV

6 (1.1%)

3 (1.5%)

3 (0.9%)

 

Diabetes

274 (52.4%)

114 (56.7%)

160 (49.8%)

0.1

 non insulin-dependent

157 (30.1%)

64 (31.8%)

93 (29.0%)

 

 insulin-dependent

117 (22.4%)

50 (24.9%)

67 (20.9%)

 

Hypertension

468 (89.7%)

184 (91.5%)

284 (88.5%)

0.3

COPD

126 (24.1%)

54 (26.9%)

72 (22.4%)

0.3

Renal failure

411 (78.7%)

173 (86.1%)

238 (74.1%)

0.001

Anaemia

341 (65.3%)

141 (70.1%)

200 (62.3%)

0.07

Charlson comorbidity index

5.6 ± 2.2

6.1 ± 2.2

5.3 ± 2.1

< 0.001

Barthel index

70.5 ± 25.4

63.6 ± 26.5

74.7 ± 23.7

< 0.001

Core Readmission risk

26.3% ± 5.2

27.0% ± 5.1

25.8% ± 5.2

0.009

Urea, mg/dL

90.8 ± 49.4

107.2 ± 56.2

80.5 ± 41.8

< 0.001

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.4 (1.1–2.0)

1.5 (1.2–2.1)

1.8 (1.0–1.79)

< 0.001

Hemoglobin, g/dL

11.7 ± 1.6

11.5 ± 1.6

11.9 ± 1.7

0.01

Sodium, mmol/L

137.3 ± 3.8

136.9 ± 4.3

137.5 ± 3.5

0.08

NTproBNP, ng/L

2770 (1245–5843)

3900 (1695–7160)

2170 (1025–4635)

< 0.001

ST2, ng/mL

42.7 (30.9–63.8)

54.6 (36.7–79.3)

37.6 (29.1–52.3)

< 0.001

CA125b, U/ml

47 (22.4–101.1)

57.4 (26.7–131.4)

39.2 (20.2–90.2)

0.001

Hs-TnIb, ng/L

23.6 (12.2–61-2)

28.5 (14.8–67.5)

21.9 (10.4–57.8)

0.007

  1. aComposite end-point all-cause death or heart failure hospitalization at one year
  2. bAvailable in 466 patients
  3. CM cardiomyopathy, IHD ischemic heart disease, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CA125 Cancer antigen 125, NTproBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; hs-TnI high sensitivity troponin I, ST2 Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1
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