Detecting pre-death grief in family caregivers of persons with dementia: measurement equivalence of the Mandarin-Chinese version of Marwit-Meuser caregiver grief inventory

Table 4 Comparison of correlation pattern among various scales, using Spearman’s correlation coefficient ρ (n = 394)^a

	MM-CGI		MM-CGI-SF
	Chinese	English	Chinese	English
ZBI total scale	0.76^e	0.77^e	0.69^e	0.73^e
Burden in the Relationship subscale	0.72	0.69	0.68	0.68
Emotional Well-being subscale	0.64	0.73	0.60	0.69
Social and Family Life subscale	0.65	0.71	0.59	0.68
Loss of Control subscale	0.64	0.68	0.55	0.63
Finances subscale	0.35^f	0.49^f	0.30^{b, f}	0.45^f
CES-D total scale	0.72^e	0.77^e	0.61^e	0.75^e
Depressed Affect subscale	0.74	0.75	0.65	0.71
Somatic Symptoms subscale	0.75	0.75	0.67	0.72
Interpersonal Problems subscale	0.36^f	0.48^f	0.33^f	0.47^f
Positive Affect subscale	−0.27^{c, f}	− 0.43^f	−0.16^{d, f}	− 0.39^f

MM-CGI Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory, MM-CGI-SF Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory-Short Form, ZBI Zarit Burden Interview, CES-D Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
^aAll the unmarked correlations had p < 0.001
^bp = 0.002
^cp = 0.006
^dp = 0.115
^eSimilar to the original studies [16, 17], MM-CGI and MM-CGI-SF correlated strongly (ρ> 0.50) [44] with caregiver burden and depression scales because they measure related, though discriminable, phenomena in caregiving
^fMM-CGI and MM-CGI-SF correlated less strongly (ρ≤0.50) [44] with Finance subscale of ZBI, Positive Affect subscale of CES-D and Interpersonal Problems subscale of CES-D, because pre-death grief is expected to differ from constructs such as financial difficulties, positive feelings, or the feeling that others are being critical

ISSN: 1471-2318