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Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

From: A systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions to improve nighttime sleep among residents of long-term care settings

Inclusion

Exclusion

English-language articles

Articles with only partial content in English

Intervention studies published in peer-reviewed journals

Dissertations, presentation/poster abstracts, brief reports in letters to the editors, editorials/commentaries, literature reviews, or meta-analyses

Non-pharmacological interventions, including food supplements and melatonin, conducted within or outside the United States

Pharmacological interventions, models of care (e.g., palliative care team), or respiratory interventions

Experimental or quasi-experimental design

Single case studies or cross-sectional design

Adult participants, including those with dementia

Participants being treated for a medical sleep disorder or those with a psychiatric disorder such as depression, schizophrenia, or addiction disorder

Any setting, including hospitals, long-term care settings (nursing homes, assisted-living facilities, or group homes), in-patient hospice or other institutional settings, or simulated hospital environments

Community settings including those involving interventions from home caregivers, outpatient clinics, dialysis centers, or adult foster homes, as well as psychiatric in-patient facilities

Nighttime sleep as a subjective (self-reported) or objective outcome (primary or secondary)

Sleep not measured with tool