Table 1 Participant Characteristics
| Â | Â | Â | Presence of dementia | Â | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dementia (n = 137) | No dementia (n = 1039) | P | |||||
n | % | n | % | ||||
Attribution | Age | 65–74 | 17 | 12.4 | 552 | 53.1 | < 0.001 |
|  | 75–84 | 52 | 38.0 | 371 | 35.7 |  | |
|  | ≥85 | 68 | 49.6 | 116 | 11.2 |  | |
Sex | Male | 57 | 41.6 | 453 | 43.6 | 0.714 | |
| Â | Female | 80 | 58.4 | 586 | 56.4 | Â | |
Educational attainment | Years of education | ≤6 years | 36 | 26.3 | 42 | 4.0 | < 0.001 |
7–9 years | 42 | 30.7 | 388 | 37.3 | |||
|  | ≥10 years | 59 | 43.1 | 609 | 58.6 |  | |
Occupations | Occupations held | White collar | 41 | 29.9 | 427 | 41.1 | 0.013 |
| Â | Blue collar | 58 | 42.3 | 375 | 36.1 | Â | |
| Â | Both | 22 | 16.1 | 174 | 16.7 | Â | |
| Â | Other | 16 | 11.7 | 63 | 6.1 | Â | |
Lifestyle | Alcohol consumption habits | Current drinker | 21 | 15.3 | 367 | 35.3 | < 0.001 |
| Â | Former drinker | 33 | 24.1 | 80 | 7.7 | Â | |
| Â | Nondrinker | 83 | 60.6 | 592 | 57.0 | Â | |
Smoking habits | Current smoker | 6 | 4.4 | 102 | 9.8 | 0.050 | |
| Â | Former smoker | 33 | 24.1 | 287 | 27.6 | Â | |
| Â | Nonsmoker | 98 | 71.5 | 650 | 62.6 | Â | |
Medical history | Diabetes | Yes | 35 | 25.5 | 155 | 14.9 | 0.003 |
Hyperlipidemia | Yes | 19 | 13.9 | 188 | 18.1 | 0.282 | |
Depression | Yes | 3 | 2.2 | 18 | 1.7 | 0.727 | |
Schizophrenia | Yes | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.4 | 1.000 | |
Parkinson’s disease | Yes | 7 | 5.1 | 10 | 1.0 | 0.002 | |
Eye disease | Yes | 30 | 21.9 | 222 | 21.4 | 0.912 | |
Ear disease | Yes | 4 | 2.9 | 44 | 4.2 | 0.646 | |
Hypertension | Yes | 59 | 43.1 | 489 | 47.1 | 0.413 | |
Stroke | Yes | 26 | 19.0 | 77 | 7.4 | < 0.001 | |
Angina pectoris/ cardiovascular disease | Yes | 25 | 18.2 | 81 | 7.8 | < 0.001 | |
Asthma | Yes | 2 | 1.5 | 25 | 2.4 | 0.761 | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Yes | 1 | 0.7 | 9 | 0.9 | 1.000 | |
Digestive system disease | Yes | 17 | 12.4 | 119 | 11.5 | 0.776 | |
Dental disease/oral disease | Yes | 10 | 7.3 | 131 | 12.6 | 0.092 | |
Rheumatoid arthritis | Yes | 2 | 1.5 | 29 | 2.8 | 0.569 | |
Arthrosis | Yes | 14 | 10.2 | 132 | 12.7 | 0.491 | |
Osteoporosis | Yes | 14 | 10.2 | 108 | 10.4 | 1.000 | |
Kidney disease | Yes | 4 | 2.9 | 43 | 4.1 | 0.645 | |
Prostatic disease | Yes | 9 | 6.6 | 66 | 6.4 | 0.854 | |
Gynecologic disease | Yes | 6 | 4.4 | 51 | 4.9 | 1.000 | |
Bone fracture | Yes | 40 | 29.2 | 144 | 13.9 | < 0.001 | |
Injury/scald except for bone fracture | Yes | 11 | 8.0 | 62 | 6.0 | 0.346 | |
Anemia/blood disease | Yes | 5 | 3.6 | 27 | 2.6 | 0.409 | |
Malignant neoplasm | Yes | 13 | 9.5 | 119 | 11.5 | 0.566 | |