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Table 3 Socioeconomic and health-related factors associated with unmet healthcare needs (n = 8666, N = 1.8a)

From: Unmet healthcare needs of elderly people in Korea

Characteristic

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Unadjusted

Aging factor1 adjusted

Sex (Ref.: male)

 Female

0.91 (0.72–1.15)

0.90 (0.71–1.14)

Age (Ref.: 65–74)

  ≥ 75

1.13 (0.91–1.39)

1.26 (1.02–1.57)c

Spouse (Ref.: yes)

 No

0.85 (0.68–1.05)

0.87 (0.69–1.08)

Education (Ref.: college or more)

 Uneducated

1.67 (1.02–2.74)c

1.55 (0.93–2.56)

 Middle school or less

1.24 (0.80–1.94)

1.19 (0.76–1.88)

 High school or less

0.99 (0.61–1.62)

1.00 (0.61–1.65)

Types of health insurance (Ref.: National Health Insurance)

 Medicaid

0.83 (0.60–1.14)

0.86 (0.62–1.19)

Private Health Insurance (Ref.: yes)

 No

0.96 (0.79–1.17)

0.96 (0.79–1.17)

Economic status (Ref.: employed)

 Unemployed

1.23 (1.01–1.49)c

1.26 (1.04–1.54)c

Household income (Ref.: ≥ 3rd quintile)

 1st quintile

2.00 (1.59–2.50)a

2.00 (1.59–2.51)a

 2nd quintile

1.40 (1.09–1.79)b

1.38 (1.08–1.78)c

Self-perceived health status (Ref.: good/very good)

 Fair

2.60 (2.02–3.34)a

2.15 (1.66–2.80)a

 Poor/very poor

1.68 (1.31–2.15)a

1.53 (1.19–1.97)b

Current smoker (Ref.: no)

 Yes

1.13 (0.86–1.49)

1.11 (0.87–1.47)

Chronic diseases (Ref.: no)

 Yes

0.84 (0.56–1.25)

0.76 (0.51–1.14)

Usual source of care (Ref.: yes)

 No

0.85 (0.67–1.08)

0.84 (0.66–1.08)c

Regular family doctor (Ref.: yes)

 No

0.73 (0.56–0.96)c

0.75 (0.57–0.99)

  1. n unweighted sample size, N weighted sample size in millions
  2. Ref. reference
  3. 1includes disability, depressive symptoms, visual impairment, hearing impairment, memory impairment, and decision-making impairment
  4. ap < 0.001; bp < 0.01; cp < 0.05