Characteristic | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Aging factor1 adjusted | |
Sex (Ref.: male) | ||
Female | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) |
Age (Ref.: 65–74) | ||
≥ 75 | 1.13 (0.91–1.39) | 1.26 (1.02–1.57)c |
Spouse (Ref.: yes) | ||
No | 0.85 (0.68–1.05) | 0.87 (0.69–1.08) |
Education (Ref.: college or more) | ||
Uneducated | 1.67 (1.02–2.74)c | 1.55 (0.93–2.56) |
Middle school or less | 1.24 (0.80–1.94) | 1.19 (0.76–1.88) |
High school or less | 0.99 (0.61–1.62) | 1.00 (0.61–1.65) |
Types of health insurance (Ref.: National Health Insurance) | ||
Medicaid | 0.83 (0.60–1.14) | 0.86 (0.62–1.19) |
Private Health Insurance (Ref.: yes) | ||
No | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) |
Economic status (Ref.: employed) | ||
Unemployed | 1.23 (1.01–1.49)c | 1.26 (1.04–1.54)c |
Household income (Ref.: ≥ 3rd quintile) | ||
1st quintile | 2.00 (1.59–2.50)a | 2.00 (1.59–2.51)a |
2nd quintile | 1.40 (1.09–1.79)b | 1.38 (1.08–1.78)c |
Self-perceived health status (Ref.: good/very good) | ||
Fair | 2.60 (2.02–3.34)a | 2.15 (1.66–2.80)a |
Poor/very poor | 1.68 (1.31–2.15)a | 1.53 (1.19–1.97)b |
Current smoker (Ref.: no) | ||
Yes | 1.13 (0.86–1.49) | 1.11 (0.87–1.47) |
Chronic diseases (Ref.: no) | ||
Yes | 0.84 (0.56–1.25) | 0.76 (0.51–1.14) |
Usual source of care (Ref.: yes) | ||
No | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) | 0.84 (0.66–1.08)c |
Regular family doctor (Ref.: yes) | ||
No | 0.73 (0.56–0.96)c | 0.75 (0.57–0.99) |