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Table 1 Sample characteristics (n = 12,112)

From: The relationship and mechanism between education and functional health status transition among older persons in China

Variables

Number

Percent

Socio-demographics

Age groups

 65–69

1077

8.89

 70–74

1220

10.07

 75–79

1090

9.00

 80–84

1509

12.46

 85–89

1712

14.13

 90 and above

5504

45.44

Male

5285

43.63

Urban residence

4280

35.34

Living with spouse

3829

31.61

Living with children

7079

58.45

Father with education

2026

16.73

Father with professional/ management occupation

280

2.31

Suffering from hunger during childhood

9192

75.89

Born in urban areas

1273

10.51

Education

 No school

7628

62.98

 Primary school

3349

27.65

 High school and above

1135

9.37

Budget constraint relax hypothesis variables

 Poor

2217

18.30

 Professional/management occupation before 60 years old

775

6.40

 House ownership

5050

41.69

 Economic independence

2929

24.18

Efficiency improvement hypothesis variables

 Regular exercise

3291

27.17

 Balanced diet

432

3.57

 High level of leisure activities

6482

53.52

 Overweight or obesity

1626

13.42

Functional health status transition

 For those nondisabled in 2008 (n = 9805)

  

 Nondisabled to nondisabled

5208

53.12

 Nondisabled to disabled

1435

14.64

 Nondisabled to death

3162

32.25

 For those disabled in 2008 (n = 2307)

 Disabled to nondisabled

187

8.11

 Disabled to disabled

499

21.63

 Disabled to death

1621

70.26