Dog ownership, dog walking, and leisure-time walking among Taiwanese metropolitan and nonmetropolitan older adults

Table 3 Dog ownership and dog-walking status associated with 150 min of leisure-time walking among all respondents

Variable	Leisure-time walking (meeting 150 min/week)
Variable	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)
Total
Non dog owners	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
Non dog walkers	0.90 (0.58–1.39)	1.05 (0.67–1.65)
Dog walkers	1.86 (0.95–3.66)	1.84 (0.92–3.65)
Non-Metropolitan area
Non dog owners	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
Non dog walkers	1.03 (0.60–1.77)	1.10 (0.63–1.93)
Dog walkers	3.21 (1.16–8.95)^*	3.03 (1.05–8.77)^*
Metropolitan area
Non dog owners	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
Non dog walkers	0.79 (0.37–1.68)	0.91 (0.41–1.99)
Dog walkers	1.10 (0.43–2.80)	1.12 (0.43–2.91)

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
Model 1 is adjusted for gender and age
Model 2 is adjusted for gender, age, city of residence, education level, type of occupation, marital status, living status, BMI, and self-rated health status
^*p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2318