Table 2 Characteristics of the participants according to their MEC-35 test, Trail Making A test and RAVLT-AT test performance

Age (yr) mean (SD)

85.3 (8.0)

84.5 (5.8)

84.6 (6.2)

84.6 (5.6)

85.1 (5.8)

84.5 (7.4)

Sex

 Men %

29.4%

29.0%

34.4%

31.2%

36.2%

25.5%

 Women %

70.6%

71.0%

65.6%

68.8%

63.8%

74.5%

Barthel Index mean (SD)

79.8 (12.5)

81.8 (13.4)

81.7 (12.8)

80.6 (14.2)

82.6 (11.7)

80.7 (12.9)

BMI (kg/m²) mean (SD)

28.6 (5.5)

27.8 (4.8)

28.0 (5.3)

28.0 (5.1)

27.4 (4.6)

28.8 (5.6)

Education

 ≤ 12 years %

96.1%

88.5%

100%

81.2%^*

89.1%

92.2%

 > 12 years %

3.9%

11.5%

–

18.8%

10.9%

7.8%

Steps/day mean (SD)

912.3 (1326.1)

1248.5 (1967.1)

1376.0 (2575.2)

1312.4 (1649.8)

888.7 (702.8)

1375.2 (2363.9)

Light physical activity (min/day) mean (SD)

79.1 (59.5)

85.4 (58.7)

95.6 (69.7)

89.9 (59.8)

82.7 (52.6)

90.3 (65.9)

MVPA (min/day) mean (SD)

0.7 (0.6)

1.8 (4.2)

1.9 (5.2)

0.6 (0.6)

0.9 (1.0)

1.7 (4.5)

Handgrip (Kg) mean (SD)

19.9 (6.9)

21.8 (8.6)

22.3 (8.9)

21.8 (8.2)

20.9 (7.0)

21.2 (7.5)

Chair stand test (rep) mean (SD)

7.2 (3.4)

7.9 (4.5)

8.3 (4.0)

7.4 (4.3)

6.5 (3.7)

8.8 (3.9)^**

Arm curl test (rep) mean (SD)

11.3 (3.7)

12.9 (4.5)

12.6 (4.4)

12.7 (3.7)

11.0 (3.8)

13.4 (4.1)^**

6-min walk test (m) mean (SD)

220.9 (96.7)

241.8 (92.7)

253.5 (85.9)

233.1 (93.1)

234.6 (91.6)

231.2 (90.4)

Chair sit-and-reach test (cm) mean (SD)

− 13.4 (8.8)

− 9.8 (9.4)^*

− 11.7 (8.9)

− 10.8 (9.9)

− 13.6 (8.5)

− 9.8 (10.1)^*

Back scratch test (cm) mean (SD)

− 23.5 (13.1)

− 18.4 (12.8)

− 23.1 (14.0)

− 16.5 (13.1)

− 21.9 (13.8)

− 19.7 (12.7)

8-ft up-and-go test (sec) mean (SD)

16.2 (8.8)

14.4 (9.5)

13.4 (6.5)

14.4 (7.0)

14.9 (6.7)

14.5 (8.3)