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Table 2 Results of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of the relationship between affective and cognitive impairment with functional improvement at rehabilitation discharge in patients with hip fracture

From: How much do combined affective and cognitive impairments worsen rehabilitation outcomes after hip fracture ?

Characteristics

Improvement

Bivariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

Yes (N = 488)

No (N = 65)

UnadjOR

95%CI

P-value

AdjORa

95%CI

P-value

Mental status:

 -No cognitive, no affective impairment (%)

91.2

8.8

reference

   

 -Affective impairment only (%)

88.4

11.6

0.74

0.27–2.02

.552

0.79

0.27–2.31

.661

 -Cognitive impairment only (%)

86.1

13.9

0.60

0.33–1.09

.096

0.70

0.34–1.43

.336

 -Combined cognitive and depressive impairment (%)

73.8

26.2

0.27

0.12–0.60

.001

0.40

0.16–1.00

.049

Age (years, mean ± SD)

83.9 ± 7.0

85.4 ± 6.9

0.98

0.94–1.01

0.164

0.97

0.93–1.01

.260

Women (%)

79.9

71.2

1.61

0.93–2.79

0.09

1.44

0.73–2.89

.292

Living alone prior to hospitalization (%)

68.0

53.5

1.84

1.12–3.05

0.02

1.54

0.81–2.93

.185

Formal home care prior to hospitalization (%)

47.9

58.8

0.64

0.38–1.07

0.09

0.75

0.41–1.38

.355

Number of comorbidities (mean ± SD)

6.8 ± 3.6

7.2 ± 3.7

0.97

0.91–1.03

0.33

1.01

0.93–1.10

.696

Basic ADLb score prior to hospitalization (mean ± SD)

5.4 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 1.6

1.72

1.42–2.09

<.001

1.92

1.48–2.48

<.001

Barthel Index scorec at admission (mean ± SD)

53.2 ± 16.5

50.4 ± 24.5

1.01

0.99–1.02

0.214

0.98

0.96–1.00

.022

  1. a Logistic model including patient’s characteristics presented in the table
  2. b Katz’ Basic Activities of Daily Living [24]. Include bathing, dressing, using the toilet, transferring between bed and chair, maintaining continence, feeding. Scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating higher function
  3. c Barthel Index score used as a continuous variable (range: 0 to 100, with higher score indicating better mobility and functional performances) [26]
  4. Cognitive impairment defined as a score < 24/30 at Folstein’s Mini Mental Status Examination (Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher score indicating higher cognitive function [27] Affective impairment defined as a score of 6 or more at Geriatric Depression Scale, short form [28]