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Table 1 Cohort characteristics by CAM delirium diagnosis

From: Key components of the delirium syndrome and mortality: greater impact of acute change and disorganised thinking in a prospective cohort study

Variables n (%), m (sd), median (IQR)

Total

CAM delirium status

p value*

FSD

SSD

No delirium

n, (%)

610 (100)

69 (11)

202 (33)

339 (56)

 

Demographics

 Gender, (%)

  Male

251 (41)

24 (10)

70 (28)

157 (62)

0.015*

  Female

359 (59)

45 (12)

132 (37)

182 (51)

 Age in years, (%)

  70–79

227 (37)

13 (6)

63 (28)

151 (66)

< 0.001*

  80–89

265 (44)

35 (13)

85 (32)

145 (55)

  90+

118 (19)

21 (18)

54 (46)

43 (36)

 Type of residence, (%)

  House

434 (71)

31 (7)

122 (28)

281 (65)

< 0.001*

  Residential

46 (8)

4 (9)

12 (26)

30 (65)

  Nursing home

42 (7)

12 (29)

20 (48)

10 (24)

  Sheltered

88 (14)

22 (25)

48 (55)

18 (20)

 Ethnicity, (%)

  White

428 (70)

11 (12)

144 (34)

234 (55)

0.816

 Marital status, (%)

  Married

198 (33)

15 (8)

58 (29)

125 (63)

0.096

  Single

87 (14)

8 (9)

30 (35)

49 (56)

  Widowed

282 (46)

40 (14)

101 (36)

141 (50)

  Divorced

36 (6)

4 (11)

10 (28)

22 (61)

  Unknown

7 (1)

2 (28)

3 (43)

2 (29)

 Smoking status, (%)

  Never

281 (46)

40 (14)

105 (37)

136 (48)

< 0.001*

  Ex

269 (44)

22 (8)

83 (31)

164 (61)

  Current

55 (9)

4 (7)

13 (24)

38 (69)

  Unknown

5 (1)

3 (60)

1 (20)

1 (20)

Clinical Characteristics

 Presence of CAM individual item acute onset, (%)a

99 (17)

69 (100)

30 (15)

0 (0)

< 0.001*

 Presence of CAM individual item inattention, (%)a

108 (19)

69 (100)

39 (19)

0 (0)

< 0.001*

 Presence of CAM individual item disorganized thinking, (%)a

97 (17)

65 (94)

32 (16)

0 (0)

< 0.001*

 Presence of CAM individual item, altered level of consciousness, (%)a

99 (17)

63 (91)

36 (19)

0 (0)

< 0.001*

 Psychiatric history admissions, (%)a

  None known

483 (80)

47 (10)

149 (31)

287 (59)

0.047*

  Anxiety

6 (1)

0 (0)

3 (50)

3 (50)

  Depression and anxiety

12 (2)

2 (17)

5 (42)

5 (42)

  Depression

86 (14)

17 (20)

37 (43)

32 (37)

  Alcohol

9 (1)

1 (11)

4 (44)

4 (44)

  Bipolar

3 (1)

0 (0)

1 (33)

2 (67)

  Psychosis

8 (1)

2 (25)

3 (37)

3 (38)

 Dementia status, (%)

  Yes

159 (26)

45 (28)

84 (53)

30 (19)

< 0.001*

  No

451 (74)

24 (5)

118 (26)

309 (69)

 Functional Assessment Staging Score, (%)

     

  1. No functional impairment

263 (43)

3 (1)

35 (13)

225 (86)

< 0.001*

  2–5. Subjective functional deficit, objective functional deficit, difficulties with activities of daily living

179 (29)

13 (7)

74 (41)

92 (51)

  6a–c. Help required getting dressed, toileting or personal hygiene

66 (11)

24 (36)

29 (44)

13 (20)

  6d–e. Double incontinence

62 (10)

20 (32)

36 (58)

6 (10)

  7a–f. Speaks limited vocabulary, can no longer walk, sit up, hold up head

40 (7)

9 (23)

28 (70)

3 (7)

 Waterlow score, mean (sd)a N = 605

13 (6)

17 (7)

15 (7)

11 (5)

< 0.001*

 Incontinence, (%)a

  None

460 (75)

32 (7)

120 (26)

308 (67)

< 0.001*

  Urine

58 (10)

14 (24)

28 (48)

16 (28)

  ICD on admission

16 (3)

4 (25)

6 (38)

6 (37)

  Double

75 (12)

19 (25)

48 (64)

8 (11)

 Pressure sores, (%)

  Yes

58 (10)

14 (24)

36 (62)

8 (14)

< 0.001*

  No

551 (90)

55 (10)

166 (30)

330 (60)

  Unknown

1 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (100)

 Charlson Comorbidity Index score, median (IQR)

2 (3)

3 (2)

3 (2)

2 (3)

0.067

 APACHE II score, median (IQR)aN = 593

11 (4)

14 (5)

12 (4)

11 (4)

< 0.001*

 Commonest diagnosis on admission, (%)

  ACS

56 (9)

3 (5)

10 (18)

43 (77)

< 0.001*

  COPD

37 (6)

2 (5)

9 (24)

26 (70)

  UTI

54 (9)

11 (20)

24 (44)

19 (35)

  Pneumonia

91 (15)

20 (22)

42 (46)

29 (32)

  Other

372 (61)

33 (9)

117 (31)

222 (60)

 Length of admission, median (IQR)a N = 609

8 (13)

14 (20)

9 (13)

7 (10)

< 0.001*

 Survival time – days, median (IQR)a N = 357

157 (457)

125 (355)

143 (454)

194 (495)

0.022*

  1. Cohort characteristics stratified by delirium status: full syndromal delirium, subsyndromal delirium and no delirium. Count and percentage was calculated for categorical variables, mean and standard deviation was calculated for continuous variables normally distributed, and median and interquartile range was calculated for continuous variables with skewed distribution. Pearson Chi square, Analysis of Variance and Kruskal Wallis were used where appropriate. Significance level was set at < 0.05
  2. sd standard deviation, n number of participants, IQR interquartile range, *significant, acomplete case analysis, ACS Acute Cardiac Syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, UTI urinary tract infection, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
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