| Baseline | 3 months | Within-group differences | Between-group differences | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean(SE) | Mean(SE) | Mean (SE) | p | B (95%CI) | p | |
Body composition | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Skeletal muscle (%) |  |  |  |  | 0.973(−0.018 to 1.963) | 0.054 |
  Intervention group | 29.90(0.60) | 30.85(0.62) | 0.95(0.45) | 0.035* |  |  |
  Comparison group | 30.85(0.74) | 30.83(0.74) | −0.02(0.23) | 0.931 |  |  |
 ASM (kg) |  |  |  |  | 0.453(−0.039 to 0.946) | 0.071 |
  Intervention group | 13.75(0.60) | 13.87 (0.64) | 0.12(0.20) | 0.550 |  |  |
  Comparison group | 14.82(0.71) | 14.48(0.64) | −0.34(0.16) | 0.034* |  |  |
ASMI (kg/m2) |  |  |  |  | 0.169(−0.019 to 0.358) | 0.078 |
  Intervention group | 5.74(0.19) | 5.78(0.20) | 0.04(0.07) | 0.603 |  |  |
  Comparison group | 5.96(0.22) | 5.83(0.19) | −0.13(0.06) | 0.031* |  |  |
 Body fat (%) |  |  |  |  | −1.498(−3.259to0.262) | 0.095 |
  Intervention group | 42.29 (1.05) | 40.76 (1.07) | −1.53(0.79) | 0.053 |  |  |
  Comparison group | 40.64 (1.23) | 40.61 (1.24) | −0.03(0.43) | 0.940 |  |  |
Physical performances | ||||||
 Total grip strengtha (kg) |  |  |  |  | 7.163(2.859 to 11.47) | 0.001** |
  Intervention group | 26.77(2.42) | 29.77(2.28) | 3.0(0.89) | 0.001** |  |  |
  Comparison group | 24.56(3.20) | 20.40(3.08) | −4.16(2.01) | 0.038* |  |  |
 Total pinch strengtha (kg) |  |  |  |  | 1.462(0.302 to 2.622) | 0.014* |
  Intervention group | 5.19(0.53) | 5.31(0.50) | 0.12(0.34) | 0.720 |  |  |
  Comparison group | 4.88(0.71) | 3.54(0.55) | −1.34(0.49) | 0.006** |  |  |
 Total FIM scoreb |  |  |  |  | 0.178(− 1.461 to 1.817) | 0.832 |
  Intervention group | 96.65(0.12) | 96.90(0.17) | 0.24(0.11) | 0.033* |  |  |
  Comparison group | 96.30(0.12) | 96.37(0.83) | 0.06(0.83) | 0.938 |  |  |
 FIM self-careb |  |  |  |  | 1.951(−0.83, 4.73) | 0.169 |
  Intervention group | 30.51(0.19) | 33.26(1.19) | 2.76(1.08) | 0.011* |  |  |
  Comparison group | 29.91(0.24) | 30.72(0.92) | 0.81(0.91) | 0.378 |  |  |