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Table 3 Baseline appendicular lean mass, 5 adjustments, and composite outcomes for mortality or disability: Women (n = 952)

From: What is the best adjustment of appendicular lean mass for predicting mortality or disability among Japanese community dwellers?

     

Crude

Age-adjusted

Multivariate-adjusteda

 

Mean (SD)

n

Mortality or disability, n (%)

P *

HR

(95% CI)

P

P for trend

HR

(95% CI)

P

P for trend

HR

(95% CI)

P

P for trend

AUCb

ALM, kg

 Q1

11.59 (0.72)

190

49 (25.8)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

12.93 (0.25)

190

32 (16.8)

0.61

(0.39–0.95)

.031

.050

0.88

(0.56–1.37)

.582

.659

0.86

(0.54–1.35)

.508

.669

.807

 Q3

13.94 (0.30)

191

25 (13.1)

0.46

(0.28–0.74)

.002

 

0.84

(0.51–1.36)

.487

 

0.74

(0.44–1.25)

.268

  

 Q4

14.99 (0.30)

190

33 (17.4)

0.61

(0.39–0.95)

.029

 

1.20

(0.76–1.88)

.434

 

1.15

(0.69–1.91)

.581

  

 Q5

16.93 (1.33)

191

13 (6.8)

0.24

(0.12–0.42)

<.001

 

0.72

(0.37–1.33)

.316

 

0.64

(0.30–1.28)

.222

  

ALM/leg length, kg/m

 Q1

15.95 (0.89)

190

44 (23.2)

.009

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

17.65 (0.35)

190

30 (15.8)

0.63

(0.39–1.00)

.053

.106

0.88

(0.55–1.39)

.583

.937

0.81

(0.49–1.31)

.392

.964

.803

 Q3

18.79 (0.34)

191

29 (15.2)

0.60

(0.37–0.96)

.033

 

0.88

(0.53–1.40)

.590

 

0.76

(0.44–1.29)

.310

  

 Q4

19.98 (0.37)

190

31 (16.3)

0.64

(0.40–1.00)

.056

 

1.14

(0.73–1.80)

.593

 

1.03

(0.59–1.80)

.917

  

 Q5

22.35 (1.66)

191

18 (9.4)

0.37

(0.21–0.63)

<.001

 

0.90

(0.51–1.56)

.714

 

0.77

(0.37–1.57)

.482

  

ALM/height, kg/m

 Q1

7.84 (0.45)

190

38 (20.0)

.141

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

8.63 (0.16)

190

31 (16.3)

0.77

(0.48–1.24)

.290

.150

0.95

(0.59–1.53)

.998

.722

0.90

(0.54–1.48)

.840

.714

.803

 Q3

9.19 (0.17)

191

30 (15.7)

0.75

(0.46–1.20)

.227

 

0.90

(0.55–1.45)

.393

 

0.83

(0.49–1.40)

.499

  

 Q4

9.78 (0.17)

190

33 (17.4)

0.81

(0.51–1.30)

.387

 

1.23

(0.76–1.96)

.669

 

1.21

(0.69–2.11)

.481

  

 Q5

10.87 (0.79)

191

20 (10.5)

0.49

(0.28–0.84)

.010

 

1.00

(0.57–1.72)

.833

 

0.93

(0.45–1.48)

.675

  

ALM/(height)2, kg/m2

 Q1

5.21 (0.28)

190

25 (13.2)

.744

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

5.72 (0.10)

190

33 (17.4)

1.33

(0.79–2.26)

.283

.695

1.61

(0.96–2.73)

.074

.927

1.56

(0.91–2.69)

.110

.831

.804

 Q3

6.06 (0.10)

191

34 (17.8)

1.35

(0.81–2.29)

.250

 

1.44

(0.86–2.43)

.170

 

1.47

(0.84–2.62)

.186

  

 Q4

6.42 (0.10)

190

29 (15.3)

1.15

(0.67–1.98)

.611

 

1.46

(0.86–2.52)

.166

 

1.54

(0.82–2.93)

.183

  

 Q5

7.11 (0.47)

191

31 (16.2)

1.23

(0.73–2.25)

.444

 

1.40

(0.83–2.40)

.207

 

1.56

(0.77–3.16)

.216

  

ALM/weight, kg/kg × 100

 Q1

23.88 (0.97)

190

34 (17.9)

.607

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

25.64 (0.36)

190

29 (15.3)

0.84

(0.53–1.34)

.503

.485

0.95

(0.58–1.56)

.849

.402

1.02

(0.61–1.72)

.933

.249

.802

 Q3

26.80 (0.34)

191

25 (13.1)

0.72

(0.43–1.21)

.217

 

0.88

(0.52–1.46)

.619

 

0.98

(0.55–1.73)

.947

  

 Q4

27.97 (0.34)

190

35 (18.4)

1.07

(0.67–1.72)

.781

 

1.19

(0.74–1.91)

.472

 

1.43

(0.83–2.47)

.196

  

 Q5

30.15 (1.32)

191

29 (15.2)

0.87

(0.53–1.43)

.594

 

1.10

(0.67–1.81)

.700

 

1.36

(0.75–2.45)

.311

  

ALM/BMI, kg/kg/m2 × 10

 Q1

5.17 (0.32)

190

45 (23.7)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

5.79 (0.12)

190

48 (25.3)

1.12

(0.75–1.69)

.578

.042

1.53

(1.02–2.31)

.041

.822

1.63

(1.06–2.49)

.019

.986

.808

 Q3

6.16 (0.11)

191

30 (15.7)

0.64

(0.40–1.01)

.059

 

1.07

(0.67–1.70)

.770

 

1.16

(0.70–1.88)

.635

  

 Q4

6.57 (0.13)

190

13 (6.8)

0.27

(0.14–0.49)

<.001

 

0.61

(0.31–1.10)

.118

 

0.62

(0.31–1.19)

.227

  

 Q5

7.34 (0.44)

191

16 (8.4)

0.34

(0.18–0.59)

<.001

 

1.53

(0.54–1.77)

.997

 

1.15

(0.59–2.16)

.716

  

AWGS criteriac

 No sarcopenia

930

147 (15.8)

.381

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Sarcopenia

 

22

5 (22.7)

1.48

(0.53–3.25)

.388

 

0.76

(0.27–1.67)

.545

 

0.78

(0.27–1.75)

.588

 

  1. ALM appendicular lean mass, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation, AUC area under the curve, BMI body mass index, AWGS Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
  2. *The χ2 test
  3. aAdjusted for age, smoking status, education, family income, and history of stroke, hypertension, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus
  4. bThe AUC was calculated with the multivariate-adjusted logistic regression model
  5. cAWGS defined sarcopenia in elderly women as low skeletal muscle mass (<5.4 kg/m2 using dual X-ray absorptiometry) plus low muscle strength (handgrip strength <18 kg) and/or low physical performance (usual gait speed <0.8 m/s)