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Table 2 Baseline appendicular lean mass, 5 adjustments, and composite outcomes for mortality or disability: Men (n = 1026)

From: What is the best adjustment of appendicular lean mass for predicting mortality or disability among Japanese community dwellers?

     

Crude

Age-adjusted

Multivariate-adjusteda

 

Mean (SD)

n

Mortality or disability, n (%)

P *

HR

(95% CI)

P

P for trend

HR

(95% CI)

P

P for trend

HR

(95% CI)

P

P for trend

AUCb

ALM, kg

 Q1

16.33 (1.16)

205

78 (38.0)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

18.58 (0.44)

205

51 (24.9)

0.59

(0.41–0.83)

.003

.004

0.99

(0.69–1.41)

.952

.307

0.96

(0.64–1.41)

.821

.770

.855

 Q3

20.08 (0.40)

205

47 (22.9)

0.52

(0.36–0.75)

.001

 

1.14

(0.78–1.64)

.479

 

1.06

(0.69–1.63)

.780

  

 Q4

21.50 (0.44)

205

37 (18.0)

0.41

(0.27–0.60)

<.001

 

1.04

(0.69–1.53)

.856

 

0.88

(0.55–1.41)

.611

  

 Q5

24.04 (1.58)

206

24 (11.7)

0.25

(0.16–0.40)

<.001

 

1.49

(0.89–2.40)

.115

 

1.15

(0.60–2.17)

.662

  

ALM/leg length, kg/m

 Q1

20.83 (1.27)

205

74 (36.1)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

23.34 (0.55)

205

52 (25.4)

0.63

(0.45–0.91)

.014

.006

1.04

(0.73–1.50)

.821

.152

0.97

(0.65–1.44)

.967

.549

.859

 Q3

24.99 (0.44)

205

54 (26.3)

0.66

(0.47–0.94)

.023

 

1.24

(0.85–1.73)

.281

 

1.07

(0.70–1.64)

.107

  

 Q4

26.53 (0.50)

205

26 (12.7)

0.29

(0.18–0.45)

<.001

 

0.73

(0.46–1.14)

.178

 

0.57

(0.32–1.00)

.057

  

 Q5

29.34 (1.69)

206

31 (15.0)

0.36

(0.23–0.54)

<.001

 

1.70

(1.07–2.64)

.021

 

1.25

(0.66–2.34)

.125

  

ALM/height, kg/m

 Q1

10.21 (0.62)

205

73 (35.6)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

11.41 (0.26)

205

51 (24.9)

0.64

(0.44–0.91)

.014

.017

1.02

(0.70–1.45)

.108

.572

0.97

(0.65–1.46)

.892

.720

.858

 Q3

12.19 (0.21)

205

51 (24.9)

0.63

(0.44–0.89)

.010

 

1.26

(0.87–1.80)

.251

 

1.18

(0.76–1.82)

.459

  

 Q4

12.91 (0.22)

205

31 (15.1)

0.36

(0.24–0.55)

<.001

 

0.78

(0.50–1.18)

.214

 

0.64

(0.38–1.07)

.009

  

 Q5

14.20 (0.74)

206

31 (15.0)

0.36

(0.25–0.55)

<.001

 

1.43

(0.91–2.21)

.094

 

1.07

(0.56–2.03)

.829

  

ALM/(height)2, kg/m2

 Q1

6.29 (0.35)

205

62 (30.2)

.025

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

6.96 (0.13)

205

51 (24.9)

0.79

(0.54–1.14)

.206

.184

1.07

(0.73–1.55)

.733

.484

1.09

(0.71–1.65)

.703

.910

.854

 Q3

7.39 (0.12)

205

46 (22.4)

0.69

(0.49–1.02)

.061

 

1.18

(0.80–1.74)

.391

 

1.10

(0.69–1.74)

.704

  

 Q4

7.81 (0.14)

205

43 (21.0)

0.64

(0.43–0.95)

.027

 

1.01

(0.68–1.49)

.956

 

0.87

(0.52–1.45)

.595

  

 Q5

8.50 (0.38)

206

35 (17.0)

0.52

(0.34–0.78)

.002

 

1.39

(0.90–2.11)

.132

 

1.13

(0.58–2.18)

.722

  

ALM/weight, kg/kg × 100

 Q1

29.22 (1.00)

205

74 (36.1)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

31.13 (0.36)

205

41 (20.0)

0.51

(0.35–0.75)

.001

.110

0.86

(0.58–1.25)

.431

.580

0.94

(0.62–1.39)

.741

.735

.854

 Q3

32.30 (0.30)

205

46 (22.4)

0.58

(0.40–0.83)

.004

 

0.91

(0.62–1.31)

.603

 

0.99

(0.67–1.44)

.950

  

 Q4

33.49 (0.38)

205

42 (20.5)

0.52

(0.35–0.75)

.001

 

0.85

(0.58–1.24)

.404

 

0.95

(0.62–1.44)

.812

  

 Q5

35.59 (1.20)

206

34 (16.5)

0.40

(0.26–0.59)

<.001

 

0.80

(0.52–1.20)

.286

 

0.91

(0.55–1.47)

.703

  

ALM/BMI, kg/kg/m2 × 10

 Q1

7.51 (0.37)

205

80 (39.0)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Q2

8.26 (0.16)

205

60 (29.3)

0.70

(0.50–0.98)

.037

.002

0.97

(0.69–1.36)

.877

.762

1.02

(0.72–1.43)

.904

.930

.854

 Q3

8.74 (0.13)

205

45 (22.0)

0.48

(0.33–0.70)

<.001

 

0.94

(0.65–1.36)

.756

 

1.03

(0.70–1.50)

.891

  

 Q4

9.29 (0.16)

205

32 (15.6)

0.33

(0.22–0.49)

<.001

 

0.93

(0.60–1.41)

.737

 

0.94

(0.60–1.50)

.795

  

 Q5

10.19 (0.52)

206

20 (9.7)

0.21

(0.12–0.33)

<.001

 

0.87

(0.51–1.42)

.589

 

1.05

(0.60–1.80)

.855

  

AWGS criteriac

 No sarcopenia

–

1015

228 (22.5)

<.001

Reference

   

Reference

   

Reference

    

 Sarcopenia

 

11

9 (81.8)

6.02

(2.86–11.04)

<.001

 

2.12

(1.00–3.92)

.029

 

2.27

(1.04–4.41)

.024

–

–

  1. ALM appendicular lean mass, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation, AUC area under the curve, BMI body mass index, AWGS Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
  2. *The χ2 test
  3. aAdjusted for age, smoking status, education, family income, and history of stroke, hypertension, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus
  4. bThe AUC was calculated with the multivariate-adjusted logistic regression model
  5. cAWGS defined sarcopenia in elderly men as low skeletal muscle mass (<7.0 kg/m2 using dual X-ray absorptiometry) plus low muscle strength (handgrip strength <26 kg) and/or low physical performance (usual gait speed <0.8 m/s)
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BMC Geriatrics

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