Fig. 2

Changes in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study Frailty Index (CFI) per a 5-year period in men aged 50+ years without prior low-trauma fracture: Significant predictors. Plots represent risk factors shown statistically significant in the multivariable-adjusted model (Additional file 2: Table S9). Parameter estimates are regression coefficients that denote the mean change (increase: the value >0, and decrease: the value <0) in the CFI score per a 5-year period for one unit change/category in a predictor. NHNVF denotes non-hip-non-clinical vertebral fracture, VF denotes clinical vertebral fracture; ref. denotes the reference group. For SF-36 scores, decreases in frailty over 5 years are calculated per a 5-point change in the score