Table 4 Predictors of Type of Bladder Antimuscarinics Initiation, Stratified by Sex

 White

–

–

Ref.

Ref.

 Black

–

–

1.771 (1.319–2.379)^a

1.085 (0.708–1.664)

 Other Race

–

–

1.092 (0.685–1.742)

1.930 (1.086–3.430)^a

 Midwest

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Northeast

0.687 (0.603–0.782)^a

0.607 (0.503–0.734)^a

0.419 (0.329–0.534)^a

0.422 (0.295–0.605)^a

 South

0.709 (0.629–0.799)^a

1.074 (0.917–1.257)

0.528 (0.420–0.664)^a

1.094 (0.823–1.453)

 West

0.849 (0.689–1.047)

0.686 (0.501–0.940)^a

0.886 (0.628–1.250)

0.550 (0.328–0.923)^a

 Underweight

0.769 (0.643–0.919)^a

0.700 (0.537–0.913)^a

0.846 (0.583–1.227)

0.498 (0.262–0.949)^a

 Normal

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Overweight

1.122 (0.992–1.269)

1.151 (0.974–1.359)

0.982 (0.791–1.218)

1.413 (1.065–1.876)^a

 Obese

1.402 (1.229–1.598)^a

1.284 (1.073–1.537)^a

1.398 (1.085–1.801)^a

1.739 (1.251–2.418)^a

 Intact

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Borderline intact/Mild Impairment

1.005 (0.878–1.150)

1.024 (0.854–1.228)

0.968 (0.747–1.255)

1.103 (0.782–1.558)

 Moderate impairment

0.991 (0.853–1.150)

0.884 (0.722–1.084)

1.018 (0.772–1.342)

1.073 (0.740–1.556)

 Moderate-severe/Severe/Very Severe impairment

0.523 (0.424–0.645)^a

0.424 (0.310–0.579)^a

0.519 (0.361–0.747)^a

0.715 (0.432–1.185)

 Score of 0

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Score of 1 or 2

0.959 (0.855–1.077)

0.916 (0.783–1.071)

0.882 (0.716–1.086)

0.709 (0.539–0.932)^a

 Score of 3

0.793 (0.653–0.963)^a

0.906 (0.693–1.185)

0.517 (0.354–0.754)^a

0.683 (0.422–1.106)

 Score of 4 or 5

0.666(0.468–0.948)^a

0.673 (0.396–1.144)

0.657 (0.318–1.356)

1.639 (0.727–3.695)

Activities of Daily Living

0.989 (0.979–0.998)^a

0.975 (0.963–0.988)^a

0.983 (0.964–1.002)

0.969 (0.945–0.994)^a

 Aphasia

0.564 (0.404–0.787)^a

0.523 (0.313–0.903)^a

–

–

 Congestive Heart Failure

0.816 (0.720–0.925)^a

0.804 (0.674–0.959)^a

–

–

 Hypertension, Uncomplicated

1.348 (1.213–1.497)^a

1.105 (0.957–1.276)

–

–

 Weight Loss

0.765 (0.622–0.942)^a

0.767 (0.565–1.042)

–

–

 Blood Loss Anemia

0.982 (0.709–1.361)

0.585 (0.348–0.982)^a

–

–

 Hemiplegia/Hemiparesis

–

–

1.581 (1.152–2.168)^a

1.618 (1.075–2.435)^a

 Diabetes, Complicated

–

–

0.889 (0.615–1.284)

0.405 (0.215–0.766)^a

 Continent

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Usually Continent

1.144 (0.963–1.359)

0.999 (0.789–1.265)

1.543 (1.108–2.149)^a

0.994 (0.640–1.543)

 Occasionally Incontinent

1.570 (1.311–1.881)^a

1.359 (1.063–1.737)^a

1.601 (1.153–2.224)^a

1.510 (0.994–2.294)

 Frequently Incontinent

1.406 (1.182–1.672)^a

1.389 (1.097–1.760)^a

2.011 (1.484–2.726)^a

1.264 (0.846–1.888)

 Incontinent

1.048 (0.835–1.315)

1.100 (0.791–1.531)

1.282 (0.902–1.822)

1.055 (0.652–1.708)

Indwelling Catheter

1.028 (0.864–1.222)

0.774 (0.600–0.998)^a

–

–

No Bladder Continence Appliance or Program

1.158 (1.002–1.339)^a

0.917 (0.753–1.117)

–

–

Pads/Briefs Used

–

–

0.769 (0.602–0.982)^a

1.271 (0.917–1.763)

 Continent

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Usually Continent

0.750 (0.626–0.899)^a

0.940 (0.742–1.191)

0.754 (0.535–1.061)

0.954 (0.622–1.463)

 Occasionally Incontinent

0.981 (0.786–1.224)

0.812 (0.597–1.104)

0.855 (0.581–1.258)

0.783 (0.469–1.309)

 Frequently Incontinent

0.771 (0.633–0.938)^a

0.640 (0.483–0.848)^a

0.737 (0.525–1.036)

0.596 (0.371–0.958)^a

 Incontinent

0.656 (0.529–0.813)^a

0.564 (0.409–0.778)^a

0.742 (0.519–1.062)

0.560 (0.340–0.920)^a

Bowel Elimination Pattern: Regular

0.962 (0.854–1.084)

0.846 (0.720–0.995)^a

–

–

Urinary Tract Infection in Last 30 Days

1.123 (0.997–1.265)

1.254 (1.067–1.474)^a

–

–

 Unsteady Gait

1.156 (1.044–1.280)^a

1.074 (0.935–1.234)

–

–

 Fell in Past 30 days

1.153 (1.032–1.288)^a

1.053 (0.904–1.226)

1.315 (1.077–1.607)^a

1.063 (0.812–1.390)

 Hip Fracture in Last 180 Days

1.297 (1.063–1.583)^a

1.084 (0.811–1.449)

–

–

 Other Fracture in Last 180 Days

1.230 (1.033–1.465)^a

1.339 (1.059–1.694)^a

–

–

 Maintained position as required in test

–

–

Ref.

Ref.

 Unsteady, but able to rebalance self without physical support

–

–

0.572 (0.370–0.885)^a

0.806 (0.465–1.396)

 Partial physical support during test or stands but does not follow directions for test

–

–

0.766 (0.503–1.167)

0.879 (0.513–1.506)

 Not able to attempt test without physical help

–

–

0.777 (0.500–1.208)

0.896 (0.506–1.588)

 Maintained position as required in test

–

–

Ref.

Ref.

 Unsteady, but able to rebalance self without physical support

–

–

0.968 (0.719–1.302)

1.259 (0.871–1.819)

 Partial physical support during test or stands but does not follow directions for test

–

–

0.883 (0.662–1.178)

0.702 (0.463–1.064)

 Not able to attempt test without physical help

–

–

0.650 (0.466–0.909)^a

0.580 (0.356–0.945)^a

 Calcium Channel Blockers

1.025 (0.917–1.145)

1.195 (1.031–1.386)^a

–

–

 Cognitive Enhancers

1.057 (0.939–1.191)

1.280 (1.091–1.501)^a

–

–

 Antiparkinson

0.891 (0.749–1.059)

1.334 (1.066–1.668)^a

0.957 (0.727–1.259)

1.462 (1.039–2.056)^a

 Antipsychotics

0.500 (0.440–0.567)^a

0.875 (0.735–1.043)

0.440 (0.349–0.556)^a

0.891 (0.657–1.207)

 Antivertigo

0.296 (0.256–0.342)^a

0.763 (0.624–0.932)^a

0.174 (0.127–0.237)^a

0.642 (0.430–0.960)^a

 Anxiolytic Sedative or Hypnotic Agent

0.671 (0.580–0.775)^a

1.070 (0.879–1.302)

0.723 (0.548–0.952)^a

0.911 (0.625–1.327)

 Antidepressant

0.585 (0.526–0.651)^a

1.326 (1.145–1.535)^a

0.617 (0.508–0.952)^a

1.313 (1.012–1.704)^a

 ARB

1.066 (0.913–1.244)

1.340 (1.103–1.629)^a

–

–

 Alpha Blockers

0.763 (0.622–0.935)^a

0.893 (0.678–1.176)

1.286 (1.067–1.549)^a

1.752 (1.372–2.237)^a

 Anticonvulsant

0.733 (0.650–0.826)^a

0.941 (0.801–1.106)

0.755 (0.607–0.940)^a

0.965 (0.726–1.283)

 Vasodilators

0.609 (0.526–0.705)^a

1.071 (0.879–1.306)

0.508 (0.390–0.663)^a

0.912 (0.641–1.297)

 Benzodiazepines

1.968 (1.099–3.526)^a

2.232 (1.085–4.592)^a

3.592 (1.331–9.690)^a

Omission (Not enough data)

Anticholinergic Burden Score

1.455 (1.418–1.493)^a

0.798 (0.767–0.830)^a

1.578 (1.501–1.659)^a

0.846 (0.786–0.911)^a