Table 1 Initial characteristics of the participants
Young-old (n = 9234) | Old-old (n = 4616) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Dementia onset | No-dementia | 8526 | 92.3 | 3327 | 72.1 |
Dementia | 708 | 7.7 | 1289 | 27.9 | |
Sex | Male | 4714 | 51.1 | 2080 | 45.1 |
Female | 4520 | 48.9 | 2536 | 54.9 | |
Social participation | Non-participants | 3003 | 32.5 | 1774 | 38.4 |
Regular-members | 2514 | 27.2 | 1289 | 27.9 | |
Leadership positions | 2784 | 30.1 | 832 | 18.0 | |
Missing | 933 | 10.1 | 721 | 15.6 | |
Age | 65–69 | 5082 | 55.0 | – | – |
70–74 | 4152 | 45.0 | – | – | |
75–79 | – | – | 2827 | 61.2 | |
80–84 | – | – | 1269 | 27.5 | |
≥ 85 | – | – | 520 | 11.3 | |
Educational attainment | < 10 yrs | 5286 | 57.2 | 2849 | 61.7 |
≥ 10 yrs | 3896 | 42.2 | 1712 | 37.1 | |
Missing | 52 | 0.6 | 55 | 1.2 | |
Marital status | Married | 7343 | 79.5 | 2647 | 57.3 |
Single | 1766 | 19.1 | 1891 | 41.0 | |
Missing | 125 | 1.4 | 78 | 1.7 | |
Living arrangement | Living with others | 8294 | 89.8 | 3900 | 84.5 |
Living alone | 779 | 8.4 | 569 | 12.3 | |
Missing | 161 | 1.7 | 147 | 3.2 | |
Occupational status | Employed | 2806 | 30.4 | 608 | 13.2 |
Not employed | 6296 | 68.2 | 3916 | 84.8 | |
Missing | 132 | 1.4 | 92 | 2.0 | |
Walking time (per day) | < 30 min | 2794 | 30.3 | 1586 | 34.4 |
≥ 30 min | 5523 | 59.8 | 2548 | 55.2 | |
Missing | 917 | 9.9 | 482 | 10.4 | |
Medical history | |||||
Heart disease | No | 8164 | 88.4 | 3809 | 82.5 |
Yes | 1070 | 11.6 | 807 | 17.5 | |
Stroke | No | 9119 | 98.8 | 4520 | 97.9 |
Yes | 115 | 1.2 | 96 | 2.1 | |
Hypertension | No | 6266 | 67.9 | 2905 | 62.9 |
Yes | 2968 | 32.1 | 1711 | 37.1 | |
Diabetes | No | 8168 | 88.5 | 4157 | 90.1 |
Yes | 1066 | 11.5 | 459 | 9.9 | |
Alcohol consumption | Non-drinker | 5535 | 59.9 | 3317 | 71.9 |
Drinker | 3582 | 38.8 | 1181 | 25.6 | |
Missing | 117 | 1.3 | 118 | 2.6 | |
Smoking | Never smoked | 5312 | 57.5 | 2800 | 60.7 |
Past smoker/smoker | 3615 | 39.1 | 1601 | 34.7 | |
Missing | 307 | 3.3 | 215 | 4.7 | |
Depression | normal | 6004 | 65.0 | 2591 | 56.1 |
depressed | 2304 | 25.0 | 1316 | 28.5 | |
Missing | 926 | 10.0 | 709 | 15.4 | |
IADL | High | 7649 | 82.8 | 3196 | 69.2 |
Low | 1335 | 14.5 | 1182 | 25.6 | |
Missing | 250 | 2.7 | 238 | 5.2 | |