Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of study participants
Impaired myocardial function (n = 74) | Preserved myocardial function (n = 46) | Total (n = 120) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 73.3 ± 4.0 | 66.5 ± 13.4 | 70.3 ± 9.4 | 0.0001 | |
suPAR | 3.9 ± 2.2 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 0.015 | |
Female gender | 29 (39.2%) | 16 (34.8%) | 45 (37.5%) | 0.63 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 (2.9) | 23.3 (3.4) | 23.5 (3.1) | 0.45 | |
Ever smoker | 20 (27.0%) | 7 (15.2%) | 27 (22.5%) | 0.13 | |
Hypertension | 41 (55.4%) | 24 (52.2%) | 65 (54.2%) | 0.73 | |
Dyslipidemia | 41 (55.4%) | 22 (47.8%) | 63 (52.5%) | 0.42 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 20 (27.0%) | 5 (10.9%) | 25 (20.8%) | 0.034 | |
Systolic blood pressure | 155.4 (39.3) | 145.0 (13.5) | 151.4 (39.3) | 0.088 | |
Diastolic blood pressure | 75.9 (10.3) | 76.0 (12.2) | 75.9 (10.3) | 0.96 | |
Pulse | <69 | 25 (33.8%) | 22 (47.8%) | 47 (39.2%) | 0.13 |
≥69 | 49 (66.2%) | 24 (52.2%) | 73 (60.8%) | ||
Interventricular septum thickness at end diastole (IVSd) (cm) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.012 | |
Interventricular septum thickness at end systole (IVSs) (cm) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.35 | |
Left ventricular internal diameter end diastole (LVIDd) (cm) | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 0.14 | |
Left ventricular internal diameter end systole (LVIDs) (cm) | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 0.027 | |
Left ventricular posterior wall end diastole (LVPWd) (cm) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.074 | |
Left ventricular posterior wall end systole (LVPWs)(cm) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 0.62 | |
Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) (cm) | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 0.49 | |
Aortic diameter (Ao) (cm) | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 0.058 | |
Left atrium (LA) (cm) | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 0.17 | |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (%) | 75.3 ± 6.7 | 72.7 ± 7.0 | 74.3 ± 6.9 | 0.047 | |
Left ventricular fractional shortening (LV FS) (%) | 44.3 ± 6.0 | 42.5 ± 6.3 | 43.6 ± 6.2 | 0.13 | |
Left ventricular mass (LVM) (grams) | 132.5 ± 41.2 | 127.6 ± 33.1 | 130.6 ± 38.2 | 0.51 | |
Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (grams/m2) | 82.0 ± 23.3 | 78.5 ± 19.2 | 80.8 ± 21.9 | 0.43 | |
Left atrial volume (LAV) (ml) | 38.0 ± 13.5 | 36.7 ± 13.6 | 37.5 ± 13.5 | 0.62 | |
Left atrial volume index (LAVI) (ml/m2) | 23.6 ± 7.9 | 22.3 ± 8.0 | 23.1 ± 7.9 | 0.42 | |
Peak velocity flow in early diastole E (MV E Peak) (m/s) | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.0001 | |
Peak velocity flow in late diastole by atrial contraction A (MV A Peak) (m/s) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.0014 | |
Ratio of MV E peak/MV A peak (E/A Ratio) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | |
Deceleration time (DT) (m/s) | 218.0 ± 39.0 | 198.0 ± 37.1 | 210.3 ± 39.4 | 0.0064 | |
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (mmHg) | 26.9 ± 6.1 | 27.0 ± 6.7 | 27.0 ± 6.3 | 0.94 | |
Pulmonary vein systolic velocity (PV-S) (cm/s) | 59.2 ± 11.7 | 59.1 ± 14.7 | 59.2 ± 11.7 | 0.96 | |
Pulmonary vein diastolic velocity (PV-D) (cm/s) | 46.8 ± 15.0 | 51.1 ± 14.1 | 48.5 ± 14.7 | 0.13 | |
Pulmonary vein flow at atrial contraction (PV-Ar) (ms) | 92.8 ± 17.6 | 95.1 ± 23.4 | 93.7 ± 20.0 | 0.55 | |
Mitral inflow duration at atrial contraction (MV A duration) (ms) | 115.8 ± 15.6 | 113.8 ± 17.2 | 115.0 ± 16.2 | 0.51 | |
Peak systolic septal mitral annular velocity (Septal S′) (m/s) | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.72 | |
Peak early diastolic septal mitral annular velocity (Septal E’) (m/s) | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | <0.0001 | |
Septal mitral annular velocity during atrial contraction (Septal A’) (m/s) | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.69 | |
Ratio of MV E peak/Septal E’ | 10.1 ± 2.7 | 9.4 ± 4.4 | 9.8 ± 3.5 | 0.28 |