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Table 2 Crude odds ratios of dietary patterns and characteristics by weight status of the participants aged ≥40 years in Taiwan, n = 62,965

From: Dietary patterns, gender, and weight status among middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study

 

Model 1, Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Underweight

n = 2073

Overweight

n = 18,820

Obese

n = 9165

Vegetable-fruit pattern

 Q1

1

1

1

 Q2

0.85 (0.74, 0.97)*

0.94 (0.89, 0.99)*

0.85 (0.80, 0.99)***

 Q3

0.86 (0.75, 0.98)*

0.97 (0.92, 1.03)

0.82 (0.76, 0.88)***

 Q4

0.74 (0.65, 0.85)***

0.89 (0.84, 0.94)***

0.73 (0.68, 0.78)***

 Q5

0.82 (0.71, 0.95)**

0.89 (0.84, 0.95)***

0.75 (0.69, 0.81)***

  P-trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Meat-processed pattern

 Q1

1

1

1

 Q2

0.89 (0.78, 1.02)

0.99 (0.94, 1.06)

0.97 (0.90, 1.05)

 Q3

0.90 (0.80, 1.02)

1.11 (1.05, 1.16)***

1.08 (1.00, 1.15)*

 Q4

0.81 (0.70, 0.93)**

1.20 (1.13, 1.27)***

1.18 (1.09, 1.27)***

 Q5

0.87 (0.74, 1.01)

1.38 (1.30, 1.47)***

1.57 (1.46, 1.70)***

  P-trend

0.012

< 0.001

< 0.001

Gender

 Female

1

1

1

 Male

0.63 (0.58, 0.69)***

2.00 (1.93, 2.07)***

1.53 (1.46, 1.61)***

Age, years

 40–44

1

1

1

 45–49

0.70 (0.62, 0.78)***

1.24 (1.18, 1.31)***

1.19 (1.11, 1.28)***

 50–54

0.53 (0.46, 0.63)***

1.48 (1.40, 1.57)***

1.67 (1.55, 1.79)***

 55–59

0.58 (0.49, 0.69)***

1.61 (1.51, 1.72)***

1.85 (1.71, 2.01)***

  ≥ 60

0.84 (0.75, 0.95)**

1.59 (1.51, 1.68)***

1.78 (1.67, 1.91)***

Education level

  < High School

1

1

1

 High school

1.10 (0.97, 1.25)

0.73 (0.70, 0.77)***

0.52 (0.49, 0.55)***

  > High school

1.25 (1.11, 1.41)***

0.71 (0.67, 0.74)***

0.45 (0.43, 0.48)***

Marital status

 Married

1

1

1

 Widows/divorced

1.17 (1.02, 1.35)*

0.95 (0.90, 1.01)

1.11 (1.03, 1.19)**

 Never married

2.35 (1.97, 2.80)***

0.51 (0.45, 0.57)***

0.67 (0.58, 0.78)***

Smoking, current

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

1.08 (0.97, 1.22)

1.31 (1.25, 1.37)***

1.21 (1.14, 1.28)***

Drinking, current

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.67 (0.58, 0.76)***

1.43 (1.37, 1.50)***

1.29 (1.22, 1.37)***

Physical activity

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.70 (0.64, 0.76)***

1.05 (1.02, 1.09)**

0.81 (0.78, 0.85)***

CVD

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

1.24 (1.00, 1.55)

1.42 (1.30, 1.55)***

1.84 (1.66, 2.05)***

SBP, > 120 mmHg

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.60 (0.54, 0.66)***

1.92 (1.85, 1.99)***

3.16 (3.00, 3.32)***

DBP, > 80 mmHg

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.43 (0.37, 0.50)***

1.92 (1.84, 2.00)***

2.99 (2.84, 3.15)***

  1. Normal weight is the reference group (n = 32,907). CVD cardiovascular disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure. Values with the star sign are significantly different from the reference group (indicated with an odds ratio of 1). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
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