Skip to main content

Table 3 Prescription of drugs used for diabetes mellitus and hypertension among those with at least one such diagnosis in a group of people with intellectual disability (ID) and referents from the general population (gPop), stratified by sex

From: Prevalence and treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among older adults with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population

  

gPop

ID

ID vs gPop

n (%)

n (%)

RR (95% CI)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

   

 Insulins and analogues

Women

57 (85)

65 (83)

0.98 (0.69–1.40)

Men

90 (84)

90 (87)

1.03 (0.77–1.38)

Men vs women

0.99 (0.71–1.38)

1.04 (0.76–1.43)

 

 Fast-acting

Women

42 (63)

30 (38)

0.61 (0.38–0.98)

Men

61 (57)

50 (48)

0.84 (0.58–1.23)

Men vs women

0.91 (0.61–1.35)

1.25 (0.80–1.97)

 

 Intermediate-acting

Women

24 (36)

21 (27)

0.75 (0.42–1.35)

Men

47 (44)

36 (35)

0.79 (0.51–1.22)

Men vs women

1.23 (0.75–2.01)

1.29 (0.75–2.20)

 

 Intermediate/long-acting comb. fast-acting

Women

22 (33)

42 (54)

1.64 (0.98–2.75)

Men

30 (28)

54 (52)

1.85 (1.19–2.89)

Men vs women

0.85 (0.49–1.48)

0.96 (0.64–1.44)

 

 Long-acting

Women

29 (43)

25 (32)

0.74 (0.43–1.26)

Men

36 (34)

37 (36)

1.06 (0.69–1.67)

Men vs women

0.78 (0.48–1.27)

1.11 (0.67–1.84)

 

 Blood glucose lowering drugs excl. Insulins

Women

40 (60)

52 (67)

1.12 (0.74–1.69)

Men

56 (52)

74 (71)

1.36 (0.96–1.92)

Men vs women

0.88 (0.58–1.32)

1.07 (0.75–1.52)

 

 Biguanides

Women

37 (55)

46 (59)

1.07 (0.69–1.65)

Men

54 (50)

66 (63)

1.26 (0.88–1.80)

Men vs women

0.91 (0.60–1.39)

1.08 (0.74–1.57)

 

 Sulfonylureas

Women

13 (19)

21 (27)

1.39 (0.70–2.77)

Men

14 (13)

34 (33)

2.50 (1.34–4.66)

Men vs women

0.67 (0.32–1.44)

1.21 (0.71–2.09)

 

 Combinations

Women

1 (1)

2 (3)

NC

Men

3 (3)

0 (0)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

 α glucosidase inhibitors

Women

2 (3)

3 (4)

NC

Men

1 (1)

1 (1)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

 Thiazolidinediones

Women

3 (4)

0 (0)

NC

Men

2 (2)

3 (3)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Women

3 (4)

2 (3)

NC

Men

5 (5)

0 (0)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

 Repaglinide or nateglinide

Women

3 (4)

4 (5)

NC

Men

7 (7)

3 (3)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

 Exenatide or liraglutide

Women

0 (0)

1 (1)

NC

Men

1 (1)

2 (2)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes

   

 Insulins and analogues

Women

94 (51)

161 (52)

1.02 (0.79–1.32)

Men

158 (44)

177 (50)

1.14 (0.92–1.42)

Men vs women

0.87 (0.67–1.12)

0.97 (0.78–1.20)

 

 Fast-acting

Women

53 (28)

61 (20)

0.69 (0.48–1.00)

Men

72 (20)

75 (21)

1.06 (0.77–1.47)

Men vs women

0.70 (0.49–1.00)

1.08 (0.77–1.52)

 

 Intermediate-acting

Women

48 (26)

68 (22)

0.85 (0.59–1.23)

Men

83 (23)

61 (17)

0.75 (0.54–1.04)

Men vs women

0.89 (0.63–1.28)

0.79 (0.56–1.12)

 

 Intermediate/long-acting comb. fast-acting

Women

44 (24)

103 (33)

1.40 (0.98–1.99)

Men

70 (19)

109 (31)

1.59 (1.18–2.14)

Men vs women

0.82 (0.56–1.20)

0.93 (0.71–1.22)

 

 Long-acting

Women

36 (19)

40 (13)

0.67 (0.42–1.04)

Men

48 (13)

60 (17)

1.28 (0.87–1.86)

Men vs women

0.69 (0.45–1.06)

1.32 (0.89–1.97)

 

 Blood glucose lowering drugs excl. Insulins

Women

138 (74)

246 (79)

1.07 (0.87–1.31)

Men

285 (79)

282 (80)

1.01 (0.86–1.19)

Men vs women

1.07 (0.87–1.31)

1.01 (0.85–1.20)

 

 Biguanides

Women

127 (68)

225 (72)

1.06 (0.85–1.32)

Men

271 (75)

248 (70)

0.93 (0.79–1.11)

Men vs women

1.10 (0.89–1.26)

0.97 (0.81–1.16)

 

 Sulfonylureas

Women

51 (27)

105 (34)

1.23 (0.88–1.72)

Men

99 (28)

125 (35)

1.29 (0.99–1.68)

Men vs women

1.00 (0.72–1.41)

1.05 (0.81–1.36)

 

 Combinations

Women

7 (4)

7 (2)

0.60 (0.21–1.71)

Men

13 (4)

4 (1)

NC

Men vs women

0.96 (0.38–2.41)

NC

 

 α glucosidase inhibitors

Women

4 (2)

7 (2)

NC

Men

2 (1)

1 (0)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

 Thiazolidinediones

Women

7 (4)

7 (2)

0.60 (0.21–1.71)

Men

16 (4)

14 (4)

0.89 (0.44–1.83)

Men vs women

1.18 (0.49–2.87)

1.76 (0.71–4.37)

 

 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Women

17 (9)

13 (4)

0.46 (0.22–0.94)

Men

25 (7)

9 (3)

0.36 (0.17–0.79)

Men vs women

0.76 (0.41–1.41)

0.61 (0.26–1.43)

 

 Repaglinide or nateglinide

Women

11 (6)

20 (6)

1.09 (0.52–2.27)

Men

23 (6)

16 (5)

0.71 (0.38–1.34)

Men vs women

1.08 (0.53–2.22)

0.71 (0.37–1.36)

 

 Exenatide or liraglutide

Women

3 (2)

5 (2)

NC

Men

12 (3)

2 (1)

NC

Men vs women

NC

NC

 

Hypertension

   

 Diuretics

Women

307 (49)

220 (61)

1.26 (1.06–1.50)

Men

334 (39)

262 (57)

1.48 (1.26–1.74)

Men vs women

0.80 (0.68–0.93)

0.94 (0.78–1.12)

 

 Beta blocking agents

Women

415 (66)

216 (60)

0.91 (0.78–1.08)

Men

538 (63)

281 (62)

0.98 (0.85–1.14)

Men vs women

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

1.02 (0.86–1.22)

 

Calcium channel blockers

Women

317 (50)

148 (41)

0.82 (0.68–1.00)

Men

475 (55)

214 (47)

0.85 (0.72–1.00)

Men vs women

1.10 (0.95–1.27)

1.14 (0.92–1.40)

 

 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system

Women

455 (72)

223 (62)

0.86 (0.73–1.01)

Men

729 (85)

320 (70)

0.83 (0.72–0.94)

Men vs women

1.18 (1.05–1.32)

1.13 (0.95–1.34)

 

 ACE inhibitors

Women

319 (51)

189 (53)

1.04 (0.87–1.25)

Men

544 (63)

274 (60)

0.95 (0.82–1.10)

Men vs women

1.25 (1.09–1.44)

1.14 (0.95–1.37)

 

 Angiotensin II antagonists

Women

259 (41)

60 (17)

0.41 (0.31–0.54)

Men

355 (41)

85 (19)

0.45 (0.36–0.57)

Men vs women

1.01 (0.86–1.18)

1.11 (0.80–1.55)

 
  1. Statistically significant results are marked in bold.
  2. RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, ID intellectual disability, gPop general population, NC not calculated due to too few observations