Table 1 Descriptive statistics for study variables
Measures | Total Sample (n = 236) | African American (n = 110) | Caucasian (n = 126) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (std) | 73.40 (6.11) | 72.39 (5.67) | 74.28 (6.38) | 0.0177 |
Education, mean (std) | 13.44 (2.63) | 12.95 (2.68) | 13.87 (2.53) | 0.0078 |
Income, mean (std) | 5.01 (1.92) | 4.22 (1.69) | 5.70 (1.84) | <0.0001 |
Married, n (%) | 112 (47.46) | 38 (34.55) | 74 (58.73) | .0002 |
Female sex, n (%) | 125 (52.97) | 69 (62.73) | 56 (44.44) | .0050 |
Osteoporosis, n (%) | 37 (15.68) | 12 (10.91) | 25 (19.84) | .0597 |
Renal or kidney disease, n (%) | 29 (12.29) | 13 (11.82) | 16 (12.70) | .8372 |
Stroke, n (%) | 13 (5.51) | 6 (5.45) | 7 (5.56) | .9729 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 193 (81.78) | 98 (89.09) | 95 (75.40) | .0066 |
Heart attack or myocardial infarction, n (%) | 38 (16.10) | 14 (12.73) | 24 (19.05) | .1876 |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 35 (14.83) | 14 (12.73) | 21 (16.67) | .3956 |
Arthritis, n (%) | 170 (72.03) | 78 (70.91) | 92 (73.02) | .7191 |
Pain frequency, mean (std) | 2.21 (1.59) | 2.22 (1.55) | 2.20 (1.63) | .9244 |
Pain severity, mean (std) | 1.53 (1.14) | 1.60 (1.15) | 1.48 (1.14) | .4074 |