Males (n = 152) | Females (n = 168) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 75.67 ± 5.36 | 74.44 ± 4.73 | 0.030 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.07 ± 2.99 | 25.26 ± 3.57 | 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 162.08 ± 6.53 | 147.74 ± 5.62 | <0.001 |
Waist/height ratio | 0.54 ± 0.05 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
Body composition | |||
Body fat (%) | 24.89 ± 7.74 | 34.02 ± 8.52 | <0.001 |
Fat mass (kg) | 16.94 ± 4.95 | 19.46 ± 5.67 | <0.001 |
Total LBM (kg) | 43.92 ± 6.01 | 34.27 ± 4.55 | <0.001 |
Arm LBM (kg) | 4.96 ± 0.88 | 3.61 ± 0.75 | <0.001 |
Leg LBM (kg) | 13.83 ± 2.33 | 10.29 ± 1.70 | <0.001 |
Total ASM (kg) | 17.53 ± 2.89 | 13.06 ± 2.18 | <0.001 |
Arm SM (kg) | 4.59 ± 0.86 | 3.38 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
Leg SM (kg) | 12.93 ± 2.19 | 9.68 ± 1.59 | <0.001 |
Arm BMC (kg) | 0.37 ± 0.27 | 0.23 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
Leg BMC (kg) | 0.89 ± 0.17 | 0.61 ± 0.14 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 137.8 ± 16.12 | 138.95 ± 16.74 | 0.535 |
DBP (mmHg) | 78.04 ± 9.05 | 77.77 ± 8.44 | 0.781 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 100.68 ± 25.76 | 98.82 ± 29.44 | 0.550 |
HbA1C (%) | 5.96 ± 0.91 | 5.93 ± 0.75 | 0.798 |
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 1.5 ± 0.81 | 1.77 ± 0.7 | 0.002 |
HOMA-IR | 0.09 ± 0.9 | 0.34 ± 0.77 | 0.009 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.32 ± 34.62 | 115.69 ± 32.98 | 0.251 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 3.85 ± 0.26 | 3.87 ± 0.25 | 0.411 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 4.79 ± 0.56 | 4.85 ± 0.53 | 0.320 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.47 ± 0.36 | 4.47 ± 0.31 | 0.923 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.38 ± 1.4 | 0.22 ± 0.65 | 0.194 |
Testosterone (ng/ml) | 5.2 ± 1.86 | 0.12 ± 0.13 | <0.001 |
e-GFR (mL/min/per 1.73 m2) | 78.54 ± 18.14 | 85.42 ± 19.18 | 0.001 |
Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 2.08 ± 0.56 | 2.34 ± 0.51 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.39 ± 1.65 | 13.04 ± 1.08 | <0.001 |
GGT (IU/L) | 34.09 ± 34.42 | 24.19 ± 28.59 | 0.006 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.38 ± 1.48 | 4.23 ± 1.17 | <0.001 |
Comorbidities on treatment | |||
Hypertension (%) | 75 (49.34%) | 90 (53.57%) | 0.450 |
DM (%) | 26 (17.11%) | 22 (13.10%) | 0.316 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 63 (42.28%) | 107 (63.69%) | <0.001 |
CVA (%) | 15 (9.87%) | 11 (6.55%) | 0.278 |
MI (%) | 14 (9.21%) | 5 (2.98%) | 0.018 |
Lifestyle | |||
Smoking (packs/year) | 30.27 ± 28.56 | 0.65 ± 4.23 | <0.001 |
Alcohol (g/week) | 152.74 ± 362.32 | 7.94 ± 33.44 | <0.001 |
Exercise (%) | <0.001 | ||
< 3 times/week | 105 (69.08%) | 152 (90.48%) | |
3–4 times/week | 14 (9.21%) | 7 (4.17%) | |
> 4 times/week | 33 (21.71%) | 9 (5.36%) | |
Education | <0.001 | ||
0 | 12 (7.89%) | 65 (38.69%) | |
1–5 (years) | 17 (11.18%) | 34 (20.24%) | |
≥ 6 (years) | 123 (80.92%) | 69 (41.07%) | |
GDS | 13.57 ± 6.9 | 16.58 ± 6.87 | <0.001 |
K-MMSE | 26.6 ± 3.11 | 23.98 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
Log (31-K-MMSE) | 1.25 ± 0.71 | 1.63 ± 0.86 | <0.001 |
Cognitive impairmenta | 9 (5.92%) | 24 (14.29%) | 0.014 |