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Table 1 General characteristics of the subjects

From: Relationships between cognitive function and body composition among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

 

Males (n = 152)

Females (n = 168)

p-value

Age (years)

75.67 ± 5.36

74.44 ± 4.73

0.030

BMI (kg/m2)

24.07 ± 2.99

25.26 ± 3.57

0.001

Height (cm)

162.08 ± 6.53

147.74 ± 5.62

<0.001

Waist/height ratio

0.54 ± 0.05

0.58 ± 0.07

<0.001

Body composition

 Body fat (%)

24.89 ± 7.74

34.02 ± 8.52

<0.001

 Fat mass (kg)

16.94 ± 4.95

19.46 ± 5.67

<0.001

 Total LBM (kg)

43.92 ± 6.01

34.27 ± 4.55

<0.001

 Arm LBM (kg)

4.96 ± 0.88

3.61 ± 0.75

<0.001

 Leg LBM (kg)

13.83 ± 2.33

10.29 ± 1.70

<0.001

 Total ASM (kg)

17.53 ± 2.89

13.06 ± 2.18

<0.001

 Arm SM (kg)

4.59 ± 0.86

3.38 ± 0.73

<0.001

 Leg SM (kg)

12.93 ± 2.19

9.68 ± 1.59

<0.001

 Arm BMC (kg)

0.37 ± 0.27

0.23 ± 0.16

<0.001

 Leg BMC (kg)

0.89 ± 0.17

0.61 ± 0.14

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

137.8 ± 16.12

138.95 ± 16.74

0.535

DBP (mmHg)

78.04 ± 9.05

77.77 ± 8.44

0.781

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

100.68 ± 25.76

98.82 ± 29.44

0.550

HbA1C (%)

5.96 ± 0.91

5.93 ± 0.75

0.798

Fasting insulin (μU/mL)

1.5 ± 0.81

1.77 ± 0.7

0.002

HOMA-IR

0.09 ± 0.9

0.34 ± 0.77

0.009

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

111.32 ± 34.62

115.69 ± 32.98

0.251

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

3.85 ± 0.26

3.87 ± 0.25

0.411

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

4.79 ± 0.56

4.85 ± 0.53

0.320

Albumin (g/dL)

4.47 ± 0.36

4.47 ± 0.31

0.923

hs-CRP (mg/L)

0.38 ± 1.4

0.22 ± 0.65

0.194

Testosterone (ng/ml)

5.2 ± 1.86

0.12 ± 0.13

<0.001

e-GFR (mL/min/per 1.73 m2)

78.54 ± 18.14

85.42 ± 19.18

0.001

Adiponectin (μg/mL)

2.08 ± 0.56

2.34 ± 0.51

<0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

14.39 ± 1.65

13.04 ± 1.08

<0.001

GGT (IU/L)

34.09 ± 34.42

24.19 ± 28.59

0.006

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.38 ± 1.48

4.23 ± 1.17

<0.001

Comorbidities on treatment

 Hypertension (%)

75 (49.34%)

90 (53.57%)

0.450

 DM (%)

26 (17.11%)

22 (13.10%)

0.316

 Dyslipidemia (%)

63 (42.28%)

107 (63.69%)

<0.001

 CVA (%)

15 (9.87%)

11 (6.55%)

0.278

 MI (%)

14 (9.21%)

5 (2.98%)

0.018

Lifestyle

 Smoking (packs/year)

30.27 ± 28.56

0.65 ± 4.23

<0.001

 Alcohol (g/week)

152.74 ± 362.32

7.94 ± 33.44

<0.001

 Exercise (%)

  

<0.001

  < 3 times/week

105 (69.08%)

152 (90.48%)

 

  3–4 times/week

14 (9.21%)

7 (4.17%)

 

   > 4 times/week

33 (21.71%)

9 (5.36%)

 

Education

  

<0.001

 0

12 (7.89%)

65 (38.69%)

 

 1–5 (years)

17 (11.18%)

34 (20.24%)

 

  ≥ 6 (years)

123 (80.92%)

69 (41.07%)

 

GDS

13.57 ± 6.9

16.58 ± 6.87

<0.001

K-MMSE

26.6 ± 3.11

23.98 ± 5.3

<0.001

Log (31-K-MMSE)

1.25 ± 0.71

1.63 ± 0.86

<0.001

Cognitive impairmenta

9 (5.92%)

24 (14.29%)

0.014

  1. Abbreviations: BMC Bone mineral content, BMI Body mass index, CVA Cerebrovascular accident, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DM Diabetes mellitus, e-GFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GDS geriatric depression scale, GGT gamma glutamyl transferase, HDL High-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, hs-CRP High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, K-MMSE Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, LBM Lean body mass, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, MI Myocardial infarction, SBP systolic blood pressure, SM skeletal muscle mass. All values are means ± SDs or n (%). p-values were calculated by Student’s t-test or χ2 test. Adiponectin, HDL, HOMA-IR, insulin, triglyceride, K-MMSE were log-transformed because they were not normally distributed. The data describing comorbidities and treatments were obtained from structured questionnaires. aCognitive impairment was defined by lower than the 16th percentile using the age and education criteria
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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