Table 1 Characteristics of the sample, and comparisons per QoL subgroup
|  | Sample (n = 34) |  | Low QoL (n = 18) |  | High QoL (n = 16) |  | Group differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | |||||||
 Age (mean) (SD) | 80.7 (7.3) |  | 78.1 (6.5) |  | 83.9 (7.0) a |  | * |
 Females (%) (n) | 61.8 | 21 | 61.1 | 11 | 62.5 | 10 |  |
 Migration background (%) (n) | 8.8 | 3 | 11.1 | 2 | 6.3 | 1 |  |
Marital status (%) (n) | |||||||
 Married | 11.8 | 4 | 16.7 | 3 | 6.3 | 1 |  |
 Never married | 11.8 | 4 | 5.6 | 1 | 18.8 | 3 |  |
 Divorced | 14.7 | 5 | 27.8 | 5 | – | 0 |  |
 Widowed | 61.8 | 21 | 50.0 | 9 | 75.0 | 12 |  |
Living arrangement (%) (n) | |||||||
 Alone | 67.6 | 23 | 72.2 | 13 | 62.5 | 10 |  |
 With partner | 11.8 | 4 | 16.7 | 3 | 6.3 | 1 |  |
 With child(ren) | 17.6 | 6 | 11.1 | 2 | 25.0 | 4 |  |
 With others | 2.9 | 1 | – | 0 | 6.3 | 1 |  |
Cognition | |||||||
 MoCA (mean, SD) | 19.9 (4.1) |  | 18.8 (4.4)b |  | 21.2 (3.3)c |  |  |
Frailty (mean, SD) | |||||||
 Overall | 50.4 (8.6) |  | 53.1 (8.3) |  | 47.3 (8.3) |  |  |
 Environmental | 31.3 (17.7) |  | 26.7 (19.2) |  | 36.6 (14.7) |  |  |
 Physical | 81.3 (22.5) |  | 82.0 (21.1) |  | 80.5 (24.6) |  |  |
 Psychological | 40.0 (22.9) |  | 52.0 (16.2) |  | 26.6 (19.7) |  | *** |
 Social | 52.3 (18.6) |  | 52.9 (15.1) |  | 51.6 (22.4) |  |  |
Quality of life | |||||||
 VAS-scale (median) | 6 |  | 6 |  | 9 |  | *** |
Meaning in life | |||||||
 VAS-scale (mean, SD) | 7.6 (1.9) |  | 6.9 (2.1) |  | 8.4 (1.3) |  | * |
Mastery | |||||||
 VAS-scale (median) | 8 |  | 8 |  | 8.5 |  |  |