Table 3 Logistic regression analysis for vitamin D deficiency by determinants in men
| Â | 25(OH)D concentration | P value | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 20 ng/L | ≥ 20 ng/L |  |  | ||
N(%) | N(%) | Â | Â | ||
Agea | Q1 | 108(6.55) | 211(12.79) | 0.5823 | 1.000 |
Q2 | 173(10.48) | 298(18.06) | 0.5716 | 1.128(0.829–1.537) | |
Q3 | 143(8.67) | 278(16.85) | 0.3979 | 0.993(0.721–1.368) | |
Q4 | 171(10.36) | 268(16.24) | 0.2960 | 1.185(0.853–1.645) | |
Education level | Primary education | 100(6.06) | 235(14.24) | 0.0059 | 1.000 |
Middle education | 251(15.21) | 484(29.33) | 0.0564 | 1.157(0.850–1.575) | |
College or above | 188(11.39) | 272(16.48) | 0.3294 | 1.510(1.056–2.158) | |
Under primary | 56(3.39) | 64(3.88) | 0.0115 | 1.980(1.266–3.098) | |
Physical exercise | Never | 138(8.36) | 172(10.42) | 0.0060 | 1.000 |
Low | 197(11.94) | 347(21.03) | 0.3360 | 0.712(0.531–0.955) | |
High | 260(15.75) | 536(32.48) | 0.0086 | 0.634(0.479–0.839) | |
Alcohol consumption | Never | 405(24.55) | 670(40.61) | 0.1102 | 1.000 |
< 3 drink/week | 118(7.15) | 217(13.15) | 0.9510 | 0.846(0.646–1.107) | |
≥ 3 drink/week | 72(4.36) | 168(10.18) | 0.1510 | 0.728(0.528–1.003) | |
Cigarette smoking | Never | 366(22.18) | 646(39.15) | 0.3147 | 1.000 |
Ex-smoker | 73(4.42) | 143(8.67) | 0.4040 | 0.958(0.692–1.326) | |
Current smoker | 156(9.45) | 266(16.12) | 0.1350 | 1.201(0.925–1.559) | |
Milk consumption | No | 230(13.94) | 422(25.58) | 0.0998 | 1.000 |
< 250 ml/day | 265(16.06) | 429(26.00) | 0.0629 | 1.095(0.864–1.390) | |
≥ 250 ml/day | 100(6.06) | 204(12.36) | 0.0516 | 0.794(0.582–1.084) | |
Calcium or vitamin D supplements | No | 542(32.85) | 893(54.12) | Â | 1.000 |
Yes | 53(3.21) | 162(9.82) | <0.0001 | 0.488(0.347–0.686) | |
BMI b | Q1 | 157(9.52) | 261(15.82) | 0.6327 | 1.000 |
Q2 | 135(8.18) | 275(16.67) | 0.1989 | 0.834(0.621–1.122) | |
Q3 | 153(9.27) | 259(15.70) | 0.7678 | 0.966(0.719–1.298) | |
Q4 | 150(9.09) | 260(15.76) | 0.7410 | 0.970(0.719–1.307) | |
Community | urban | 425(25.76) | 654(39.64) | Â | 1.000 |
suburb | 170(10.30) | 401(25.87) | 0.0012 | 0.646(0.496–0.841) | |