Table 1 Characteristics of BELFRAIL participants stratified by the presence of frailty (n = 541)
Robust (n = 361) | Frail (n = 180) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), y | 84 ± 3.4 | 86 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
Male, % | 155 (43) | 47 (26) | <0.001 |
<High school education, % | 120 (33) | 80 (45) | 0.009 |
Current/prior smoking, % | 116 (32) | 53 (30) | 0.54 |
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 28 ± 4.2 | 27 ± 6.0 | 0.60 |
Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 200 ± 45 | 203 ± 44 | 0.53 |
HDL-C, mean (SD), mg/dL | 56 ± 15 | 54 ± 16 | 0.26 |
LDL-C, mean (SD), mg/dL | 123 ± 37 | 123 ± 36 | 0.91 |
eGFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 65 ± 21 | 60 ± 24 | 0.018 |
History of hypertension, % | 254 (71) | 127 (71) | 0.93 |
History of diabetes, % | 66 (18) | 35 (20) | 0.73 |
Cardiovascular disease, % | 167 (46) | 101 (56) | 0.026 |
Minor cardiovascular disease, % | 107 (30) | 74 (41) | 0.007 |
Angina pectoris, % | 52 (15) | 37 (21) | 0.069 |
TIA, % | 31 (8.8) | 24 (14) | 0.085 |
Peripheral arterial disease, % | 28 (7.8) | 21 (12) | 0.13 |
History of decompensated HF, % | 34 (9.5) | 24 (13) | 0.17 |
Major cardiovascular disease, % | 117 (32) | 71 (40) | 0.096 |
Myocardial infarctiona, % | 78 (22) | 40 (22) | 0.87 |
Stroke, % | 23 (6.5) | 23 (13) | 0.013 |
PTCA or stent, % | 32 (8.9) | 14 (7.9) | 0.70 |
Coronary surgery, % | 27 (7.5) | 8 (4.5) | 0.18 |
Arterial surgery, % | 15 (4.2) | 12 (6.8) | 0.20 |
Antihypertensive medication use, % | 285 (79) | 152 (85) | 0.11 |
Cholesterol lowering medication use, % | 121 (34) | 50 (28) | 0.18 |
Systolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg | 142 ± 20 | 140 ± 21 | 0.25 |
Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg | 75 ± 9.5 | 75 ± 9.2 | 0.66 |