Vitamin D deficiency was common among nursing home residents and associated with dementia: a cross sectional study of 545 Swedish nursing home residents

Table 2 Factors associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) < 25 nmol/L

	Unadjusted odds ratio^a(95% CI; p-value)	Adjusted odds ratio^b (95% CI; p-value)
Age	0.98 (0.96–1.0; p = 0.12)	0.98 (0.95–1.0; p = 0.22)
Gender^c	1.1 (0.74–1.5; p = 0.72)	1.4 (0.92–2.2; p = 0.12)
Vitamin D supplementation	0.073 (0.031–0.17; p < 0.001)	0.075 (0.031–0.18; p < 0.001)
Fitzpatrick skin phototype (4–6)^d	0.54 (0.36–0.80; p = 0.0022)	0.69 (0.44–1.1; p = 0.12)
Hours outdoors/week^e	0.98 (0.96–1.0; p = 0.15)	0.99 (0.96–1.0; p = 0.62)
Lack of appetite ≥3 months	0.93 (0.66–1.3; p = 0.66)	0.75 (0.50–1.1; p = 0.15)
Dementia	2.4 (1.7–3.4; p < 0.001)	2.3 (1.5–3.4; p < 0.001)
Antibiotics last 6 months	1.2 (0.85–1.8; p = 0.28)	1.6 (1.1–2.6; p = 0.029)

^aN = 545 for age, gender, vitamin D supplementation, lack of appetite and dementia. N = 541 for Fitzpatrick skin phototype. N = 489 for hours outdoors/week. N = 543 for antibiotics last 6 months
^bN = 488 included in analysis. Adjusted logistic regressions with 25OHD < 25 nmol/L as the dependent variable and the following independent variables: age, gender, vitamin D supplementation, Fitzpatrick skin phototype, hours outdoors/week, lack of appetite, dementia and antibiotics last 6 months
^cReference category: male
^dReference category: Fitzpatrick skin phototype 1–3
^eAverage number of hours outdoors/week during April to August
Statistically significant findings are bold

ISSN: 1471-2318