Table 2 Comparison of primary outcomes in the intervention and control groups (N = 83)
From: Does dual task training improve walking performance of older adults with concern of falling?
Intervention no CoF (n = 20) | Intervention CoF (n = 30) | Control no CoF (n = 15) | Control CoF (n = 18) | Time (pre-post) | Group x time | Group x time x CoF | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gait variables | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | F | p pη2 | F | P pη2 | F | P pη2 | |
Single-Task pre- post | |||||||||||||||
step width [cm] | 11.62 (3.03) | 10.09 (3.57) | 12.44 (3.09) | 11.97 (3.0) | 10.87 (4.14) | 10.19 (3.17.) | 12.66 (3.17) | 11.73 (3.72) | 11.678 | >0.001 0.129 | 0.855 | 0.468 0.031 | 1.498 | 0.225 0.019 | |
step length [cm] | l | 43.77 (8.72) | 49.25 (7.16) | 37.37 (12.34) | 41.58 (13.67) | 51.12 (7.54) | 49.54 (8.32) | 40.60 (13.22) | 41.06 (12.21) | 12.141 | >0.001 0.133 | 6.603 | >0.001 0.201 | 1.802 | 0.183 0.022 |
r | 43.27 (9.44) | 48.63 (7.90) | 37.58 (13.65) | 41.71 (14.34) | 51.77 (7.57) | 49.55 (8.14) | 38.74 (13.97) | 39.54 (13.91) | 10.533 | >0.01 0.118 | 6.966 | >0.001 0.209 | 2.941 | 0.090 0.036 | |
gait-line [mm] | l | 198.10 (57.05) | 219.30 (38.39) | 179.73 (38.70) | 185.73 (35.23) | 230.87 (41.68) | 233.13 (46.37) | 184.00 (47.73) | 191.39 (42.99) | 10.916 | >0.001 .121 | 2.184 | .096 .077 | 3.319 | 0.072 0.040 |
r | 193.40 (60.18) | 220.85 (37.85) | 182.68 (37.60) | 191.17 (32.62) | 232.68 (43.69) | 234.87 (46.32) | 186.06 (45.67) | 192.90 (48.37) | 14.959 | >0.001 .159 | 3.570 | .018 .119 | 4.112 | 0.046 0.049 | |
Dual Task pre –post | |||||||||||||||
step width [cm] | 10.77 (2.98) | 10.25 (3.38) | 12.37 (4.0) | 12.24 (3.23) | 11.0 (3.42) | 10.32 (2.76) | 12.95 (4.01) | 12.59 (4.28) | .573 | 0.452 0.010 | 0.246 | .783 .009 | 0.004 | 0.950 0.000 | |
step length [cm] | l | 44.35 (9.70) | 50.09 (7.75) | 38.75 (13.0) | 41.63 (13.22) | 50.45 (6.25) | 44.39 (7.30) | 41.26 (11.61) | 41.24 (12.26) | 9.230 | >0.01 .105 | 5.246 | >0.01 .166 | 1.666 | 0.201 0.021 |
r | 43.89 (10.20) | 49.16 (8.39) | 38.03 (13.78) | 41.02 (14.07) | 51.50 (5.49) | 49.91 (7.54) | 40.13 (14.01) | 39.82 (13.79) | 5.109 | > 0.05 .061 | 4.603 | >0.01 .149 | 1.597 | 0.210 0.020 | |
gait-line [mm] | l | 210.50 (42.58) | 222.00 (36.34) | 180.87 (43.92) | 186.47 (37.80) | 236.73 (40.05) | 237.47 (45.66) | 199.72 (39.99) | 200.50 (35.57) | 2.971 | .089 .036 | 0.852 | 0.470 0.031 | 0.303 | 0.583 0.004 |
r | 207.70 (47.06) | 222.10 (34.50) | 186.50 (37.57) | 194.13 (30.61) | 237.80 (39.44) | 236.00 (47.21) | 203.79 (39.92) | 200.39 (44.17) | 2.950 | .090 .036 | 2.802 | > 0.05 .096 | 0.029 | 0.559 0.004 | |
Secondary outcomes pre-post | |||||||||||||||
FES-I | 17.05 (1.10) | 17.00 (0.92) | 23.73 (2.80) | 21.80 (3.24) | 17.60 (0.99) | 17.60 (1.12) | 23.83 (3.50) | 23.66 (4.02) | 9.822 | 0.002 0.111 | 5.435 | 0.002 0.171 | 4.471 | 0.038 0.054 | |
SF12 physical | 46.76 (8.80) | 48.82 (6.88) | 47.07 (9.40) | 48.81 (9.01) | 47.82 (9.17) | 48.33 (7.22) | 48.41 (9.14) | 46.53 (10.18) | 0.523 | 0.473 0.009 | 1.133 | 0.344 0.058 | 0.379 | 0.541 0.007 | |
SF12 mental | 49.46 (6.92) | 51.98 (6.78) | 51.21 (9.63) | 53.58 (9.44) | 52.98 (5.41) | 56.58 (3.47) | 53.20 (7.40) | 54.53 (7.70) | 13.513 | 0.001 0.197 | 0.377 | 0.770 0.020 | 0.626 | 0.432 0.001 | |
SPPB | 11.05 (0.94) | 11.65 (0.75) | 10.73 (1.48) | 11.23 (1.04) | 10.93 (1.28) | 11.27 (0.96) | 10.89 (0.96) | 11.22 (1.06) | 14.008 | >0.001 0.151 | 0.298 | 0.827 0.011 | 0.045 | 0.833 0.001 | |
Number of correct answers Stroop sitting (0–30) | 27.3 (2.6) | 28.1 (1.7) | 26.9 (4.3) | 28.2 (2.5) | 28.7 (2.5) | 25.3 (9.5) | 25.1 (5.2) | 25.6 (4.0) | 0.096 | 0.758 0.002 | 2.009 | 0.123 0.097 | 2.115 | 0.151 0.036 | |
Number of correct answers Stroop walking (0–30) | 27.7 (2.7) | 28.2 (1.8) | 27.0 (3.9) | 27.7 (2.4) | 27.5 (3.8) | 23.5 (11.1) | 25.2 (3.9) | 26.1 (3.5) | 1.084 | 0.302 0.019 | 3.489 | 0.022 0.157 | 6.230 | 0.016 0.100 | |