Skip to main content

Table 4 Correlates of alcohol consumption. Results of multinomial regressions Part 2 (Daily drinkers; Reference category: non-drinker; relative risk ratios were reported, 95% CIs in parentheses)

From: Correlates of alcohol consumption among Germans in the second half of life. Results of a population-based observational study

Independent variables

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Daily drinkers

Female (Ref. Male)

0.229***

0.229***

0.230***

0.231***

0.236***

0.234***

0.231***

0.241***

0.231***

 

(0.184–0.284)

(0.185–0.285)

(0.185–0.286)

(0.186–0.287)

(0.190–0.292)

(0.188–0.290)

(0.186–0.287)

(0.194–0.300)

(0.186–0.288)

Age

1.013*

1.011*

1.015**

1.016**

1.015**

1.014**

1.014**

1.013*

1.015**

 

(1.003–1.024)

(1.000–1.021)

(1.005–1.026)

(1.005–1.027)

(1.004–1.025)

(1.004–1.025)

(1.004–1.024)

(1.002–1.023)

(1.005–1.026)

Married, living separated from spouse (Ref.: married, living together with spouse)

1.154

1.237

1.131

1.116

1.150

1.123

1.120

1.181

1.096

 

(0.520–2.559)

(0.557–2.749)

(0.510–2.508)

(0.504–2.472)

(0.519–2.549)

(0.507–2.489)

(0.506–2.482)

(0.533–2.619)

(0.494–2.432)

Divorced

0.671*

0.749

0.679*

0.671*

0.689*

0.672*

0.679*

0.672*

0.666*

 

(0.475–0.947)

(0.529–1.060)

(0.482–0.956)

(0.477–0.945)

(0.489–0.970)

(0.478–0.945)

(0.482–0.955)

(0.477–0.948)

(0.473–0.937)

Widowed

0.775

0.801

0.794

0.800

0.784

0.784

0.789

0.778

0.824

 

(0.562–1.069)

(0.582–1.102)

(0.577–1.093)

(0.582–1.101)

(0.570–1.077)

(0.570–1.078)

(0.574–1.084)

(0.564–1.073)

(0.596–1.140)

Single

0.933

1.015

0.932

0.914

0.921

0.906

0.921

0.930

0.865

 

(0.627–1.389)

(0.679–1.517)

(0.626–1.386)

(0.615–1.359)

(0.620–1.369)

(0.610–1.345)

(0.620–1.368)

(0.625–1.383)

(0.582–1.288)

Monthly net equivalent income (in €1000)

1.501***

1.478***

1.509***

1.559***

1.516***

1.537***

1.518***

1.472***

1.534***

 

(1.348–1.671)

(1.326–1.648)

(1.353–1.683)

(1.398–1.739)

(1.361–1.688)

(1.379–1.712)

(1.362–1.691)

(1.322–1.639)

(1.376–1.710)

East Germany (Ref. West Germany)

0.967

0.968

0.969

0.999

0.984

0.990

0.975

0.960

1.022

 

(0.777–1.203)

(0.780–1.202)

(0.781–1.204)

(0.804–1.241)

(0.793–1.221)

(0.798–1.228)

(0.786–1.210)

(0.772–1.194)

(0.822–1.272)

Physical activity: Several times a week (Ref.: daily)

1.614*

1.610*

1.632*

1.621*

1.609*

1.611*

1.609*

1.604*

1.637*

 

(1.070–2.436)

(1.070–2.424)

(1.084–2.457)

(1.077–2.439)

(1.069–2.419)

(1.071–2.423)

(1.070–2.419)

(1.063–2.421)

(1.080–2.482)

Once a week

1.926**

1.911**

2.006**

1.918**

1.895**

1.897**

1.901**

1.961**

1.857**

 

(1.255–2.956)

(1.248–2.926)

(1.309–3.073)

(1.253–2.935)

(1.239–2.899)

(1.240–2.902)

(1.242–2.907)

(1.277–3.012)

(1.204–2.862)

One to three times a month

2.129**

2.002*

2.052**

1.982*

2.092**

2.079**

2.092**

2.178**

2.120**

 

(1.245–3.641)

(1.173–3.417)

(1.202–3.504)

(1.161–3.383)

(1.228–3.562)

(1.221–3.540)

(1.228–3.562)

(1.273–3.725)

(1.235–3.639)

Less frequently

1.467

1.470+

1.533+

1.456

1.481+

1.464

1.474+

1.487+

1.485+

 

(0.927–2.320)

(0.931–2.320)

(0.971–2.422)

(0.923–2.297)

(0.938–2.337)

(0.928–2.310)

(0.934–2.326)

(0.940–2.353)

(0.934–2.361)

Never

0.874

0.903

0.959

0.876

0.904

0.880

0.892

0.930

0.871

 

(0.592–1.289)

(0.614–1.330)

(0.650–1.415)

(0.596–1.289)

(0.614–1.331)

(0.598–1.294)

(0.606–1.312)

(0.630–1.373)

(0.587–1.293)

Number of physical illnesses

0.918**

0.931*

0.926**

0.900***

0.924**

0.912***

0.920**

0.935*

0.899***

 

(0.869–0.970)

(0.881–0.983)

(0.877–0.978)

(0.851–0.951)

(0.874–0.977)

(0.864–0.963)

(0.871–0.972)

(0.884–0.988)

(0.851–0.950)

Loneliness

0.809*

        
 

(0.671–0.974)

        

Life satisfaction

 

1.320***

       
  

(1.145–1.522)

       

Positive affect

  

1.504***

      
   

(1.237–1.829)

      

Negative affect

   

1.132

     
    

(0.928–1.381)

     

Optimism

    

1.252*

    
     

(1.042–1.504)

    

Self-efficacy

     

1.118

   
      

(0.891–1.403)

   

Self-esteem

      

1.297*

  
       

(1.012–1.664)

  

Perceived stress

       

0.692***

 
        

(0.590–0.810)

 

Self-regulation

        

0.845+

         

(0.696–1.025)

Constant

0.641

0.179***

0.0852***

0.277**

0.194**

0.279*

0.169**

1.038

0.753

 

(0.257–1.600)

(0.0716–0.448)

(0.0286–0.254)

(0.105–0.731)

(0.0717–0.525)

(0.0949–0.821)

(0.0530–0.537)

(0.414–2.604)

(0.249–2.273)

Observations

7166

7211

7204

7204

7246

7243

7261

7169

7138

Pseudo R2

0.064

0.066

0.065

0.063

0.065

0.064

0.064

0.065

0.062

  1. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.10; Loneliness [23]; Life satisfaction (SWLS, [25]); Positive and negative affect (PANAS, [26]); Optimism [28]; Self-efficacy [29]; Self-esteem [30]; Self-regulation [33]; Perceived stress [31]