Skip to main content

Table 3 Correlates of alcohol consumption. Results of multinomial regressions Part 1 (Occasional drinkers; Reference category: non-drinker; relative risk ratios were reported, 95% CIs in parentheses)

From: Correlates of alcohol consumption among Germans in the second half of life. Results of a population-based observational study

Independent variables

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Occasional drinkers

Female (Ref. Male)

0.715***

0.721***

0.725***

0.740***

0.745***

0.739***

0.734***

0.751***

0.727***

 

(0.609–0.839)

(0.615–0.846)

(0.618–0.849)

(0.631–0.869)

(0.636–0.872)

(0.631–0.866)

(0.627–0.860)

(0.641–0.881)

(0.620–0.853)

Age

0.992*

0.989**

0.993+

0.993+

0.993+

0.993+

0.992*

0.992*

0.994

 

(0.985–1.000)

(0.981–0.996)

(0.986–1.001)

(0.985–1.001)

(0.986–1.001)

(0.985–1.001)

(0.985–1.000)

(0.985–1.000)

(0.987–1.002)

Married, living separated from spouse (Ref.: married, living together with spouse)

1.033

1.106

0.995

0.994

1.025

0.997

0.991

1.027

0.929

 

(0.552–1.934)

(0.590–2.071)

(0.533–1.859)

(0.533–1.855)

(0.548–1.916)

(0.534–1.862)

(0.531–1.850)

(0.550–1.916)

(0.497–1.735)

Divorced

0.797+

0.876

0.779*

0.779*

0.806+

0.783*

0.788*

0.781*

0.761*

 

(0.629–1.010)

(0.689–1.114)

(0.615–0.986)

(0.616–0.986)

(0.637–1.020)

(0.620–0.990)

(0.623–0.997)

(0.617–0.988)

(0.601–0.962)

Widowed

0.774*

0.777*

0.765*

0.766*

0.766*

0.764*

0.775*

0.774*

0.798+

 

(0.616–0.972)

(0.620–0.975)

(0.610–0.960)

(0.611–0.961)

(0.611–0.960)

(0.609–0.957)

(0.619–0.970)

(0.616–0.972)

(0.633–1.005)

Single

0.896

0.977

0.879

0.863

0.884

0.871

0.881

0.881

0.837

 

(0.665–1.207)

(0.722–1.320)

(0.653–1.184)

(0.641–1.161)

(0.658–1.188)

(0.648–1.169)

(0.656–1.183)

(0.655–1.186)

(0.623–1.124)

Monthly net equivalent income (in €1000)

1.369***

1.349***

1.383***

1.422***

1.381***

1.401***

1.386***

1.352***

1.401***

 

(1.238–1.514)

(1.218–1.494)

(1.248–1.531)

(1.283–1.575)

(1.248–1.528)

(1.266–1.550)

(1.252–1.533)

(1.222–1.495)

(1.266–1.551)

East Germany (Ref. West Germany)

1.205*

1.203*

1.213*

1.226*

1.230*

1.230*

1.215*

1.214*

1.254**

 

(1.022–1.420)

(1.022–1.416)

(1.031–1.428)

(1.041–1.444)

(1.046–1.446)

(1.046–1.446)

(1.034–1.429)

(1.031–1.430)

(1.064–1.478)

Physical activity: Several times a week (Ref.: daily)

1.490*

1.476*

1.502**

1.492*

1.482*

1.483*

1.487*

1.489*

1.459*

 

(1.096–2.026)

(1.087–2.005)

(1.106–2.039)

(1.100–2.025)

(1.092–2.010)

(1.094–2.012)

(1.097–2.017)

(1.095–2.025)

(1.070–1.989)

Once a week

1.428*

1.435*

1.500*

1.445*

1.434*

1.436*

1.432*

1.450*

1.381+

 

(1.035–1.971)

(1.041–1.978)

(1.088–2.067)

(1.049–1.990)

(1.042–1.974)

(1.043–1.975)

(1.040–1.970)

(1.051–2.002)

(0.999–1.909)

One to three times a month

1.686*

1.650*

1.714*

1.679*

1.694*

1.674*

1.692*

1.719*

1.656*

 

(1.103–2.577)

(1.084–2.514)

(1.126–2.610)

(1.103–2.555)

(1.113–2.578)

(1.100–2.547)

(1.112–2.574)

(1.125–2.627)

(1.081–2.536)

Less frequently

1.144

1.157

1.196

1.148

1.173

1.157

1.165

1.157

1.141

 

(0.810–1.615)

(0.820–1.632)

(0.848–1.688)

(0.814–1.619)

(0.832–1.654)

(0.821–1.631)

(0.826–1.641)

(0.819–1.633)

(0.805–1.617)

Never

0.667**

0.689**

0.725*

0.674**

0.704*

0.675**

0.682**

0.692*

0.652**

 

(0.504–0.883)

(0.520–0.911)

(0.547–0.961)

(0.510–0.891)

(0.532–0.931)

(0.511–0.892)

(0.516–0.902)

(0.523–0.918)

(0.491–0.867)

Number of physical illnesses

0.901***

0.917***

0.907***

0.894***

0.914***

0.899***

0.905***

0.909***

0.889***

 

(0.865–0.939)

(0.880–0.956)

(0.871–0.945)

(0.857–0.932)

(0.877–0.953)

(0.863–0.936)

(0.868–0.943)

(0.872–0.947)

(0.853–0.926)

Loneliness

0.773***

        
 

(0.672–0.888)

        

Life satisfaction

 

1.352***

       
  

(1.217–1.501)

       

Positive affect

  

1.398***

      
   

(1.207–1.620)

      

Negative affect

   

0.980

     
    

(0.844–1.137)

     

Optimism

    

1.361***

    
     

(1.187–1.560)

    

Self-efficacy

     

1.209*

   
      

(1.019–1.434)

   

Self-esteem

      

1.290**

  
       

(1.074–1.550)

  

Perceived stress

       

0.782***

 
        

(0.695–0.880)

 

Self-regulation

        

0.903

         

(0.781–1.044)

Constant

16.10***

3.902***

2.670*

9.483***

3.464**

5.044***

3.993**

17.46***

13.30***

 

(7.951–32.59)

(1.965–7.747)

(1.179–6.044)

(4.496–20.00)

(1.642–7.306)

(2.238–11.37)

(1.698–9.386)

(8.591–35.47)

(5.749–30.79)

Observations

7166

7211

7204

7204

7246

7243

7261

7169

7138

Pseudo R2

0.064

0.066

0.065

0.063

0.065

0.064

0.064

0.065

0.062

  1. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.10; Loneliness [23]; Life satisfaction (SWLS, [25]); Positive and negative affect (PANAS, [26]); Optimism [28]; Self-efficacy [29]; Self-esteem [30]; Self-regulation [33]; Perceived stress [31]