Table 2 Characteristics, stratified by alcohol consumption (n = 7820)
Persons who never drink alcohol (n = 896; 11.5%) | Persons who drink alcohol at least ‘rarer than once a month’ to ‘several times a week’ (n = 5986; 76.5%) | Persons who drink alcohol daily (n = 938; 12.0%) | p-value † | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N/Mean | %/(SD) | N/Mean | %/(SD) | N/Mean | %/(SD) | ||
Gender: Female | 547 | 61.1% | 3200 | 53.5% | 235 | 25.1% | p < .001 |
Age in years | 66.79 | (11.31) | 63.77 | (11.24) | 66.89 | (10.47) | p < .001 |
Marital status | p < .001 | ||||||
Married and living together with spouse | 538 | 60.2% | 4223 | 70.7% | 704 | 75.1% | |
Married, living separated from spouse | 13 | 1.4% | 97 | 1.6% | 16 | 1.7% | |
Divorced | 117 | 13.1% | 601 | 10.1% | 66 | 7.0% | |
Widowed | 159 | 17.8% | 624 | 10.4% | 92 | 9.8% | |
Single | 67 | 7.5% | 427 | 7.2% | 60 | 6.4% | |
Monthly net equivalent income (€) | 1547.99 | (1361.48) | 1960.99 | (1341.80) | 2205.92 | (1525.89) | p < .001 |
Region: West Germany | 595 | 66.4% | 3988 | 66.6% | 672 | 71.6% | p < .01 |
Physical activity | p < .001 | ||||||
- daily | 79 | 8.8% | 501 | 8.4% | 74 | 7.9% | |
- several times a week | 164 | 18.3% | 1738 | 29.0% | 232 | 24.7% | |
- once a week | 120 | 13.4% | 1136 | 19.0% | 174 | 18.5% | |
- one to three times a month | 39 | 4.4% | 468 | 7.8% | 77 | 8.2% | |
- less frequently | 89 | 9.9% | 711 | 11.9% | 115 | 12.3% | |
- never | 405 | 45.2% | 1431 | 23.9% | 266 | 28.4% | |
Number of physical illnesses | 3.19 | (2.13) | 2.49 | (1.84) | 2.72 | (1.77) | p < .001 |
Loneliness | 1.88 | (0.60) | 1.76 | (0.53) | 1.78 | (0.54) | p < .001 |
Life satisfaction | 3.58 | (0.84) | 3.83 | (0.70) | 3.84 | (0.73) | p < .001 |
Positive affect | 3.40 | (0.61) | 3.57 | (0.52) | 3.56 | (0.52) | p < .001 |
Negative affect | 2.13 | (0.58) | 2.09 | (0.52) | 2.06 | (0.52) | p < .05 |
Optimism | 2.80 | (0.64) | 3.00 | (0.53) | 2.96 | (0.56) | p < .001 |
Self-efficacy | 3.00 | (0.52) | 3.08 | (0.42) | 3.08 | (0.44) | p < .001 |
Self-esteem | 3.31 | (0.46) | 3.41 | (0.40) | 3.40 | (0.40) | p < .001 |
Self-regulation | 3.99 | (0.59) | 3.98 | (0.50) | 3.96 | (0.53) | p = .50 |
Perceived stress | 2.55 | (0.71) | 2.35 | (0.64) | 2.28 | (0.67) | p < .001 |
Depression | 122 | 13.9% | 324 | 5.5% | 41 | 4.5% | p < .001 |