Table 3 Multivariate model of SRH on sociodemographic/health-related factors
From: Predictors of self-reported health among the elderly in Ghana: a cross sectional study
Variable | Model 1a (Binary logistic regression of SRH) | Model 2b (Ordinal logistic regression SRH) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted odds ratio (Conf. inter.) | P - values | Adjusted odds ratio (Conf. inter.) | P - values | |
Age | ||||
 Young old (60–69) | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Middle old (70–79) | 1.25 (1–1.57) | 0.054 | 1.00 (0.85–1.19) | 0.967 |
 Oldest old (80 and above) | 2.54 (1.94–3.35) | <0.000 | 1.01 (0.81–1.26)) | 0.957 |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Female | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) | 0.402 | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 0.792 |
Marital status | ||||
 Married | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Never married | 2.20 (0.93–5.19) | 0.071 | 0.68 (0.32–1.47) | 0.327 |
 Divorced | 0.95 (0.68–1.32) | 0.763 | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 0.100 |
 Widowed | 1.02(0.77 1.35) | 0.885 | 0.97 (0.79–1.20) | 0.803 |
Education | ||||
 No education | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Primary education | 0.83 (0.63–1.11) | 0.211 | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | 0.772 |
 Secondary education | 0.83 (0.59–1.17) | 0.280 | 1.18 (0.91–1.52) | 0.203 |
 Tertiary education | 0.47 (0.21–1.06) | 0.069 | 1.01 (0.62–1.66) | 0.954 |
Work status | ||||
 Informal worker | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Public worker | 0.97 (0.64–1.48) | 0.894 | 1.11 (0.83–1.50) | 0.468 |
 Private worker | 0.93 (0.49–1.76) | 0.815 | 1.22 (0.79–1.91) | 0.360 |
 Never worked | 2.33 (1.17–4.66) | 0.016 | 1.25 (0.72–2.19) | 0.428 |
Insurance | ||||
 Not insured | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Insured | 0.97 (0.78–1.19) | 0.747 | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 0.254 |
Chronic condition | ||||
 No chronic condition | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 One chronic condition | 1.63 (1.30–2.06) | <0.000 | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | 0.660 |
 More than one condition | 1.88 (1.41–2.52) | <0.000 | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) | 0.952 |
Income quintile | ||||
 Low income | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Middle income | 0.93 (0.72–1.21) | 0.598 | 1.06 (0.87–1.30) | 0.570 |
 High income | 0.71 (0.55–0.91) | 0.008 | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.227 |
Locality | ||||
 Rural | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Urban | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) | 0.877 | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) | 0.206 |
Subjective well-being | ||||
 Not Satisfied | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Satisfied | 0.73 (0.59–0.93) | 0.009 | 0.27 (0.22–0.32) | <0.000 |
Quality of life | ||||
 Poor | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Good | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) | 0.891 | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 0.764 |
Functional limitation | ||||
 Not functionally limited | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Functionally limited | 0.88 (0.67–1.17) | 0.379 | 3.57 (2.88–4.41) | <0.000 |
Disability | ||||
 Not disabled | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Disabled | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.071 | 2.64 (2.13–3.27) | <0.000 |
Physical activity | ||||
 None | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Moderate exercise | 1.81 (1.37–2.40) | <0.000 | 3.27 (2.67–4.00) | <0.000 |
Tobacco use | ||||
 Never used | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Previously used | 0.64 (0.45 0.92) | 0.017 | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) | 0.033 |
 Currently use | 1.19 (0.88–1.62) | 0.257 | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) | 0.260 |
Alcohol use | ||||
 Non drinker |  |  |  |  |
 Previous drinker | 1.20 (0.94–1.55) | 0.150 | 0.83 (0.68–1.00) | 0.053 |
 Current drinker | 1.18 (0.92–1.52) | 0.201 | 0.59 (0.49–0.72) | <0.000 |
Regions | ||||
 Upper West |  |  |  |  |
 Western | 2.34 (1.14–4.80) | 0.021 | 1.31 (0.79–2.16) | 0.299 |
 Central | 1.51 (0.73–3.13) | 0.268 | 1.11 (0.67–1.85) | 0.673 |
 Ashanti | 1.67 (0.82–3.40) | 0.160 | 1.30 (0.79–2.13) | 0.294 |
 Brong Ahafo | 1.45 (0.69–3.02) | 0.325 | 1.46 (0.88–2.44) | 0.140 |
 Greater Accra | 1.11 (0.53–2.34) | 0.775 | 1.26 (0.76–2.09) | 0.376 |
 Upper East | 0.49 (0.21–1.16) | 0.103 | 0.94 (0.55–1.59) | 0.813 |
 Northern | 1.76 (0.82–3.74) | 0.144 | 1.23 (0.72–2.08) | 0.446 |
 Eastern | 2.21 (1.08–4.51) | 0.029 | 1.53 (0.93–2.52) | 0.090 |
 Volta | 1.83 (0.89–3.78) | 0.102 | 1.43 (0.86–2.37) | 0.169 |