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Table 1 Characteristic of Study Sample by adherence to Drug Regimens (N = 400)

From: Non-adherence to medication regimens among older African-American adults

Characteristic of Sample

N (%)

Non-Adherence to at least One Medication Regimens

N (%)

Dose and interval

Deciding to skip

Forgot to take

Taking Less

Failed to follow food/drink instructions

Failed to follow activity instructions

Gender

 Male

141 (35)

70 (50)

37 (26)

12 (9)

23 (14)

101 (72)

96 (69)

 Female

259 (65)

118 (46)

101 (39)

20 (8)

40 (15)

189 (73)

179 (69)

Age

 65–74

241 (61)

115 (48)

88 (37)

20 (8)

44 (18)

201 (83)

163 (67)

  ≥ 75

157 (39)

73 (46)

50 (32)

12 (8)

19 (12)

139 (89)

112 (71)

Education

 No high school diploma

99 (25)

50 (49)

31 (32)

7 (7)

14 (4)

77 (79)

76 (78)

 High school diploma

301 (75)

138 (46)

107 (36)

25 (8)

49 16)

213 (71)

199 (66)

Marital Status

 Not married

322 (80)

146 (46)

32 (41)

6 (7)

11 (14)

57 (73)

51 (65)

 Married/living with Partner

78 (20)

42 (54)

106 (33)

26 (8)

52 (16)

233 (73)

224 (70)

Co-payment for RX

 No

83 (21)

49 (59)

28 (34)

7 (8)

10 (12)

52 (63)

49 (59)

 Yes

317 (79)

139 (44)

110 (35)

25 (8)

53 (17)

238 (76)

226 (72)

Number of Providers

 1–2

247 (62)

96 (39)

71 (29)

18 (7)

32 (13)

161 (66)

159 (65)

  ≥ 3

153 (38)

92 (60)

71 (46)

14 (9)

31 (20)

129 (84)

116 (76)

Number of Pharmacists

 1

287 (72)

128 (45)

96 (34)

19 (7)

40 (14)

202 (71)

188 (66)

  ≥ 2

113 (28)

60 (53)

42 (37)

13 (12)

23 (20)

88 (78)

87 (77)

Number of Co-morbidity

  ≤ 3

128 (32)

49 (39)

25 (20)

7 (6)

10 (8)

85 (67)

76 (60)

 4–7

195 (49)

90 (46)

78 (40)

17 (9)

40 (21)

143 (74)

141 (73)

  ≥ 8

77 (19)

49 (64)

35 (45)

8 (10)

13 (17)

62 (81)

58 (75)

Smoking Status

 Current

64 (16)

31 (48)

22 (34)

5 (8)

13 (20)

36 (56)

40 (63)

 Never

334 (84)

157 (47)

116 (35)

27 (8)

50 (15)

254 (76)

237 (71)

Alcohol Use (Drinks/day)

 No/Occasionally

355 (89)

164 (46)

119 (34)

27 (8)

54 (15)

257 (72)

246 (69)

 Yes

43 (11)

24 (56)

19 (44)

5 (12)

9 (21)

33 (77)

29 (67)

Memory Deficit

 Not Noticeable

176 (45)

69 (39)

53 (30)

11 (6)

23 (13)

124 (70)

130 (74)

 Mild to Moderate

160 (40)

79 (49)

64 (40)

15 (9)

31 (19)

119 (74)

102 (64)

 Severe

61 (15)

39 (63)

21 (34)

6 (10)

9 (15)

46 (75)

42 (69)

Medication Knowledge

  A. How many/often

  Correct

260 (65)

66 (25)

89 (34)

36 (14)

24 (9)

181 (70)

177 (68)

  Incorrect

140 (35)

122 (88)

49 (36)

27 (20)

8 (6)

109 (79)

98 (71)

  B. Purpose of Rx

  Correct

140 (35)

50 (36)

42 (30)

20 (14)

13 (9)

95 (68)

83 (59)

  Incorrect

258 (65)

136 (53)

96 (37)

43 (17)

19 (7)

195 (76)

192 (74)

Complexity Index

  < 10

108 (27)

30 (28)

20 (19)

7 (6)

10 (9)

84 (78)

57 (53)

  ≥ 10

290 (73)

158 (54)

118 (41)

25 (9)

53 (18)

256 (88)

218 (75)

Polypharmacy

 0–4

161 (40)

56 (34)

42 (26)

25 (15)

12 (8)

100 (62)

99 (61)

  ≥ 5

237 (60)

134 (57)

98 (41)

40 (17)

22 (9)

190 (80)

176 (74)

Medication Duplication

 No

185 (46)

81 (44)

53 (29)

13 (7)

20 (11)

128 (70)

119 (65)

 Yes

215 (54)

107 (50)

85 (40)

19 (9)

43 (20)

162 (77)

156 (73)

PIM (AVOID)

 None

292 (73)

132 (46)

92 (32)

24 (8)

41 (14)

204 (70)

196 (68)

 At Least One

108 (27)

56 (52)

46 (43)

8 (7)

22 (20)

86 (80)

79 (73)

  1. Note: Bolded values are statistically significant (P ≤ .05)