From: Non-adherence to medication regimens among older African-American adults
Characteristic of Sample | N (%) | Non-Adherence to at least One Medication Regimens N (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dose and interval | Deciding to skip | Forgot to take | Taking Less | Failed to follow food/drink instructions | Failed to follow activity instructions | ||
Gender | |||||||
 Male | 141 (35) | 70 (50) | 37 (26) | 12 (9) | 23 (14) | 101 (72) | 96 (69) |
 Female | 259 (65) | 118 (46) | 101 (39) | 20 (8) | 40 (15) | 189 (73) | 179 (69) |
Age | |||||||
 65–74 | 241 (61) | 115 (48) | 88 (37) | 20 (8) | 44 (18) | 201 (83) | 163 (67) |
  ≥ 75 | 157 (39) | 73 (46) | 50 (32) | 12 (8) | 19 (12) | 139 (89) | 112 (71) |
Education | |||||||
 No high school diploma | 99 (25) | 50 (49) | 31 (32) | 7 (7) | 14 (4) | 77 (79) | 76 (78) |
 High school diploma | 301 (75) | 138 (46) | 107 (36) | 25 (8) | 49 16) | 213 (71) | 199 (66) |
Marital Status | |||||||
 Not married | 322 (80) | 146 (46) | 32 (41) | 6 (7) | 11 (14) | 57 (73) | 51 (65) |
 Married/living with Partner | 78 (20) | 42 (54) | 106 (33) | 26 (8) | 52 (16) | 233 (73) | 224 (70) |
Co-payment for RX | |||||||
 No | 83 (21) | 49 (59) | 28 (34) | 7 (8) | 10 (12) | 52 (63) | 49 (59) |
 Yes | 317 (79) | 139 (44) | 110 (35) | 25 (8) | 53 (17) | 238 (76) | 226 (72) |
Number of Providers | |||||||
 1–2 | 247 (62) | 96 (39) | 71 (29) | 18 (7) | 32 (13) | 161 (66) | 159 (65) |
  ≥ 3 | 153 (38) | 92 (60) | 71 (46) | 14 (9) | 31 (20) | 129 (84) | 116 (76) |
Number of Pharmacists | |||||||
 1 | 287 (72) | 128 (45) | 96 (34) | 19 (7) | 40 (14) | 202 (71) | 188 (66) |
  ≥ 2 | 113 (28) | 60 (53) | 42 (37) | 13 (12) | 23 (20) | 88 (78) | 87 (77) |
Number of Co-morbidity | |||||||
  ≤ 3 | 128 (32) | 49 (39) | 25 (20) | 7 (6) | 10 (8) | 85 (67) | 76 (60) |
 4–7 | 195 (49) | 90 (46) | 78 (40) | 17 (9) | 40 (21) | 143 (74) | 141 (73) |
  ≥ 8 | 77 (19) | 49 (64) | 35 (45) | 8 (10) | 13 (17) | 62 (81) | 58 (75) |
Smoking Status | |||||||
 Current | 64 (16) | 31 (48) | 22 (34) | 5 (8) | 13 (20) | 36 (56) | 40 (63) |
 Never | 334 (84) | 157 (47) | 116 (35) | 27 (8) | 50 (15) | 254 (76) | 237 (71) |
Alcohol Use (Drinks/day) | |||||||
 No/Occasionally | 355 (89) | 164 (46) | 119 (34) | 27 (8) | 54 (15) | 257 (72) | 246 (69) |
 Yes | 43 (11) | 24 (56) | 19 (44) | 5 (12) | 9 (21) | 33 (77) | 29 (67) |
Memory Deficit | |||||||
 Not Noticeable | 176 (45) | 69 (39) | 53 (30) | 11 (6) | 23 (13) | 124 (70) | 130 (74) |
 Mild to Moderate | 160 (40) | 79 (49) | 64 (40) | 15 (9) | 31 (19) | 119 (74) | 102 (64) |
 Severe | 61 (15) | 39 (63) | 21 (34) | 6 (10) | 9 (15) | 46 (75) | 42 (69) |
Medication Knowledge | |||||||
  A. How many/often | |||||||
  Correct | 260 (65) | 66 (25) | 89 (34) | 36 (14) | 24 (9) | 181 (70) | 177 (68) |
  Incorrect | 140 (35) | 122 (88) | 49 (36) | 27 (20) | 8 (6) | 109 (79) | 98 (71) |
  B. Purpose of Rx | |||||||
  Correct | 140 (35) | 50 (36) | 42 (30) | 20 (14) | 13 (9) | 95 (68) | 83 (59) |
  Incorrect | 258 (65) | 136 (53) | 96 (37) | 43 (17) | 19 (7) | 195 (76) | 192 (74) |
Complexity Index | |||||||
  < 10 | 108 (27) | 30 (28) | 20 (19) | 7 (6) | 10 (9) | 84 (78) | 57 (53) |
  ≥ 10 | 290 (73) | 158 (54) | 118 (41) | 25 (9) | 53 (18) | 256 (88) | 218 (75) |
Polypharmacy | |||||||
 0–4 | 161 (40) | 56 (34) | 42 (26) | 25 (15) | 12 (8) | 100 (62) | 99 (61) |
  ≥ 5 | 237 (60) | 134 (57) | 98 (41) | 40 (17) | 22 (9) | 190 (80) | 176 (74) |
Medication Duplication | |||||||
 No | 185 (46) | 81 (44) | 53 (29) | 13 (7) | 20 (11) | 128 (70) | 119 (65) |
 Yes | 215 (54) | 107 (50) | 85 (40) | 19 (9) | 43 (20) | 162 (77) | 156 (73) |
PIM (AVOID) | |||||||
 None | 292 (73) | 132 (46) | 92 (32) | 24 (8) | 41 (14) | 204 (70) | 196 (68) |
 At Least One | 108 (27) | 56 (52) | 46 (43) | 8 (7) | 22 (20) | 86 (80) | 79 (73) |