Does attending an exercise class with a spouse improve long-term exercise adherence among people aged 65 years and older: a 6-month prospective follow-up study

Table 2 Comparisons of change pattern in exercise self-efficacy between the couple and non-couple groups during the exercise intervention and follow-up period

	Non-couples n = 59	Couples n = 68	P for interaction
Extreme fatigue
Baseline	2.0 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 1.0	0.727
Post-intervention	2.2 ± 1.1	2.4 ± 0.9
Follow-up	2.1 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.9
Bad mood
Baseline	2.4 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 1.1	0.763
Post-intervention	2.6 ± 0.9	2.7 ± 1.0
Follow-up	2.3 ± 0.8^b	2.5 ± 0.9
Busy situation
Baseline	1.9 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 1.0	0.110
Post-intervention	2.3 ± 1.0^a	2.3 ± 0.9
Follow-up	2.0 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 1.0
During vacation and traveling
Baseline	2.7 ± 1.0	2.8 ± 1.0	0.185
Post-intervention	2.7 ± 1.1	3.4 ± 1.0^a
Follow-up	2.6 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 1.1^b
Rainy or snowy day
Baseline	1.6 ± 0.8	1.7 ± 1.0	0.922
Post-intervention	2.2 ± 1.1^a	2.4 ± 1.1^a
Follow-up	1.9 ± 1.0 ^b	2.1 ± 1.0^a
Total score
Baseline	2.1 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.8	0.822
Post-intervention	2.4 ± 0.8^a	2.6 ± 0.7^a
Follow-up	2.2 ± 0.8	2.4 ± 0.8^b

Note: ^asignificant difference from baseline, ^bsignificantly difference from post-intervention (P < 0.05)

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